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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 17.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The far-right on the threshold of power in France</span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center;" align="center"><strong><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 21.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Radical<a name="_GoBack"></a>danger </span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: right; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;"><span dir="LTR" lang="FR" style="font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Arabic UI Display Black'; mso-bidi-language: AR-DZ;">&nbsp;</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; color: #3598db;">Prepared by: Musa Ashrashour</span></span></strong></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The rise of the National Rally candidate, Marine Le Pen, to the second round of the presidential elections in France was not surprising to observers and public opinion, as it happened in the 2017 elections and before that, with her father, Jean-Marie Le Pen, in the 200 200 elections. It was highly anticipated because it came after an election campaign that was overshadowed by unprecedented populist and xenophobic rhetoric. It is imperativethat all candidates</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, including President </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">IeMaunel Macron, first of all determine their position on immigration, national identity and Islam,</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">before delving into any other topic.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">This campaign took place in an atmosphere of bidding that forced the victory of the extreme right. Because, regardless of the results of the second round scheduled for 24 APReil, the right-wing populist discourse has been able to enshrine its concepts and statements in the French political scene and push officials</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, regardless of </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">their ideological orientations and backgrounds, to adopt a radical political approach</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">to say the least</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">reckless, towards immigrants and</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Muslim community in particular.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Between the first and second rounds, most of the commentary</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and analysis focused </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">on the danger to France, motherand civilization, if the far-right candidate, who seems to have the same chances of success as the current president, wins. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The miracle of Marine Le Pen</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Columnist Jean-Marie Colombani, former director of </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the popular daily </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Le Monde</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">sounds the alarm on </span><span lang="FR"><a href="http://www.slate.fr/story/226176/second-tour-election-presidentielle-2022-macron-le-pen-extreme-droite-guerre-europe-image-france-monde-politique-exterieure"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; color: windowtext; mso-ansi-language: EN; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Slate </span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>, warning against underestimating the far-right candidate's chances of winning. He wrote: "The <span class="q4iawc">French,</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>with them all </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>of </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>France</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, stand </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">up at this moment to their responsibilities. In two weeks, a victory for the far right will be possible. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>Marine Le Pen's miracle</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">was not only that she was able to make people forget</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> her name - "</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Elect Marin"</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> - </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">but</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> also </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and above all the nature of her program</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">which meets all the characteristicsof the traditional far-right. WithCZatha is also in the fact that his campaign, which focused entirely <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>on </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>The </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">purchasing <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>power</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, while </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">ignoring this demand, succeeded in polishing its image withcunning."</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>Monde's current director,</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> wrote in </span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.lemonde.fr/idees/article/2022/04/08/election-presidentielle-2022-les-deux-dangers-d-un-scrutin_6121198_3232.html"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">an editorial</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> in the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>issue issued the day after the announcement of the results of the first round, warning of the possibility of the National Rally candidate winning and its repercussions. "</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">For the second </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">time in a row, </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>RND candidate Marine Le Penhas</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> a </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">good chance of participating in the second round. For the first time, if opinion</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> polls are </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>to be </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>believed</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>chances</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> of </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">winning a far-right platform exist.Of course <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, no judgment should be rushed </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>to be made on the veracity</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> of </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>these hypotheses, which should be treated withall caution." <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>We read many comments on </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">reasons for the unprecedented situation in which she found herself </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">candidateof the National Rally. The prevailing view is that she owes a lot </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>to the presence of her rival and the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">other candidate ofthe extreme right, Eric Zemmour, who is now contributing</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> against his will, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">after failing to overthrow her, to </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>give her </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">credibility she wants </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and to </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">improve her image through his exaggerated rhetoric and exaggeration. He also prepared for her </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>an </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">undreamed </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>stock </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">of votes for the second round."</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In the same vein, the <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>Swiss French-language</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/deux-france-ont-rendezvous-24-avril"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">daily</span></a><a href="https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/deux-france-ont-rendezvous-24-avril"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Le Temps</span></a><a href="https://www.letemps.ch/opinions/deux-france-ont-rendezvous-24-avril"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>wrote </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>commenting on the seismic event </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>that the French elections produced </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">"two French or two countries</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> facing each other </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>" that are difficult to reconcile, one of which was decided in the April 24 round.</span><span class="Heading1Char"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> "On April 10, unsurprisingly, </span></span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">two FransYan</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> came </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>out of the polls. The firstis Emmanuel Macron's</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> France, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>who expresses </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>his </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">desire to face the future alongside his European partners, convinced that the saying "no matter what" cannot continue indefinitely.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>France's second, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Marine Le Pen's, believes it is time for the president toheal</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>social fissures</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">that tear the country apart. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>ethat thebelldan is very far from each other. Their dissonance between the two rounds is the basis of the new election campaign that began on Sunday evening."</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The same vision with</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">same concepts came out of the French liberal daily "Le Penion", which talks about a conflict between Marcon France and Le Pen's France, considering that the second role that will bring together the candidates repeats the scenario of the 2017 elections, but several factors make the return fight more dangerous for the president than the first fight. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In the tone of the people</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, the French Communist Party's </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>L'Humanit&eacute; </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>daily </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">wrote that the risk of Le Pen winning the presidency was no longerimpossible. In her analysis, she cites the numbers. "<span class="q4iawc">We are approaching a new April 21," she says. It is the third in 20 years since Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round in 2002. Since that day, the phrase has become common in everyday conversations, but the current political </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>situation </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>is different. Jean-Marie Le Pen's descendant, who won 23.3% of the vote, succeeded in consolidating her position and surpassing the percentage achieved in the first round of the 2017 elections (21.3%). Within five years, however, the situation had changed radically. The victory of the far-right is no longer surrealor imaginary like it once was. According to the polling institute Ifop, its score will not be less than 49% in the second round, with an estimated margin of error." </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">The author continues his analysis: "There are several elements that support thisominous thesis. Some of them</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> are the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">media</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> about </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>far-right topics</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">which led </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>to </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">their generalization andnature. Another </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>example </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>was the emergence of the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">candidate PietNe (named after Marshal Peiten, who allied himself with Nazi Germany during World War II), who greatly helped</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">to expand the base of the </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>nationalist camp, providing </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>Marine Le Pen with </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">A significant stock of votes for the first time. Third, there is</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>authoritarian andunpopular policy thatprevailed during Macron's tenure </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">opened awide path for </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">head ofthe National Front." </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Sociological and cultural division</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Political expert J&eacute;r&ocirc;me Frauquet</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, director of the "</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Opinions" department at </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">IFOP</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> Institute</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, argues in an analysis of the election results </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>that there are "</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">two sociological and cultural blocs</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">that are facing each other." In </span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/politique/jerome-fourquet-deux-blocs-sociologiques-et-culturels-se-font-face-20220410"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">an interview with the daily "</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Le Figaro</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">", he says </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>theRight-wing, the results of the vote in the first round "confirmed the reshaping of the French political scene." In his view, the traditional right/left classification is no longer valid to be replaced by a new classification that divides</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the French </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">into two categories: the French of the upper classes and the French of the lower classes." </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In response to a question about the deep-rooted scenario written in 2017, the expert believes that the second rise of the Macron/Le Pen duo confirms that what happened five years ago was not an emergency incident</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">. These exits </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">are likened</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> to the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">deep layers of the earth that control the movements of earthquakes and thatcontinue to reshape the political landscape from its foundation. In his view, there are "two sociological and cultural blocs facing off on the ground." A bloc represented by E.MaMel Macron includes retirees. This group is known for its commitment to stability and maintaining the status quo</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, and </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">is afraid of</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>future</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and the collapse of the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>economy. Another bloc led by Marine Le Pen, includes the working classes and employees Those who aspire to more gains without risking their interests, and are urgently, as demonstrated by the "yellow vest" demonstrations in 2020 and 2021, to redistribute incomes more fairly to citizens and to reduce the tax burden on those with low incomes." </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="AR-DZ" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.publicsenat.fr/article/politique/second-tour-marine-le-pen-peut-elle-gagner-201852"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Political thinker Erwin Lecourt</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, a </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">specialist on the far right, said the French are now living in a "historic moment". <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>"<span class="q4iawc">We have been talking for several years about the tripartite polarization of political life, </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">today we are dealing</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> with </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>it," he says. The talk</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> about the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>left and the rightn will end [...] Because today we have three blocs: a conservative</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">reactionary</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">nationalist</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">bloc</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">a liberal bloc with Emmanuel Macron,</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and a bloc that </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>has not yet been formed politically but that M&eacute;lenchon has tried to build and we can call </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>it the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>socio-environmental</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">bloc." </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Erwan Lekour warns of the fact that the far-right </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>in Europe continues to</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">gain new positions</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and gain </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">leadership positions</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> in </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>more than one country, even under the current conditions of the war between Russia and Ukraine. In this regard, he recalls</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> the victory </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>of Viktor Orb&aacute;n in Hungary, and the victory of the Serbian president, who is known for his closeness to Russian President Vladimir Putin. He sums it up by saying:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>"Putin is helping his allies triumph in Europe." What also makes this researcher not rule out any surprise on the night</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> of </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">April 24, is that the factor of spontaneous popular hostility to President Macron</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, the emotional reaction </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>of voters, and the abstention rate will determine the fate of the battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">How does the far right work to win the battle of ideas? In a forward-looking article published two months before the election in </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.ladepeche.fr/2022/02/19/presidentielle-comment-lextreme-droite-veut-remporter-la-bataille-des-idees-10122084.php"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">columns of</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"> La D&eacute;p&ecirc;che</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">he argued that the far-right candidates, Eric Zemmour and Marine Le Pen, were anxious above all to win the battle of ideas. This battle is based on a concept invented and developed by the famous Italian communist intellectual Gramsci, based on the principle of "cultural hegemony" according to which whoever wants to seize power must first contain public opinion. <span class="q4iawc"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>The </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">concept <span class="q4iawc">has long</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">been used </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>by the left, and was at the heart of the research of a </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">research center on European civilization </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>in the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">seventies that appeared in Greece</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, a </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>laboratory of nationalist ideas overseen by </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">philosopher Alain de Benoist, director</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> of the magazine </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>"Elements", and worked extensively on the development of the so-called</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">"right-wing</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Gramscianism</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">."</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">".</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>The </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>idea</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> developed </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>and was even adopted </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>by </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">former French President Nicolas Sarkozy</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">in 2007: "I was convinced of the validity of the theory of G.Ramchi that onewinspower through ideas. </span></span><span class="viiyi"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">This is the first time a right-wing man has fought this battle."</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">A </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>battle </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>fought next </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">by Marion Mar&eacute;chal, granddaughter of Jean-Marie Le Pen and one of the most promising right-wing voices defending the idea of uniting the ranks of the nationalist right under one flag. It says that the battle must be "metapolitical" <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>before it can be purely electoral. For this purpose, a scientific institution has been established to deepen research on the subject, the Institute of Social, Economic and Political Sciences (ISSEP).</span></span></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">In a study published a few months ago</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, the </span><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.jean-jaures.org/publication/2022-evaluation-du-risque-le-pen/"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Jean-Jaur&egrave;s Institute</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> predicted the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>victory of Marine Le Pen, or at least </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>her </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">passage to the second round, in the most difficult and dangerous presidential election in France's history. In the opinion of the research group that prepared the report, the hypothesis of Marine Le Pen's victory in the presidential elections is not excluded</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> in </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>one</span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> case, which is the disintegration of the "</span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Republican Front" that </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>in </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">2002 </span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>stood as a man and postponed in the face of the representative of the </span><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;">nationalist right and crushed him in the second round, from which former President Jacques Chirac came out by more than 80 percent. The highest percentage ever obtained by a female presidential candidate was in France. In the past, rhetoric exaggerating the danger of the far right to the future of democracy and republican values resonated widely among the elite and society alike. But the situation has changed today, as evidenced by the fact that Marine Le Pen's victory in the first round did not stir the French street and did not provoke a wave of panic. This is the first loophole exploited by the nationalist right on its way to the throne.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Researcher: Presidential elections will enshrine normalization with the extreme right</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span lang="FR"><a href="https://www.liberation.fr/politique/elections/la-presidentielle-marquera-la-victoire-de-la-normalisation-de-lextreme-droite-20220205_BGDZQ2AFTVF4JL5XYXV3C23OY4/"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">Emilien Howard Vial</span></a></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, a researcher </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>specializing </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>in right-wing history, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">warned <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>that </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>nominations of Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour took place </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>in a context </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">where<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>far-right ideas were "normalized" by some media</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> outlets and political leaders</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, paving the way for a possible victory "in the next few years."</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">"For nearly forty years, the far right has been one of the main poles of French political life. He was<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>more repulsive</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> than </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">charismatic</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, everyone sought </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">to isolate him rather than integrate him into institutions, but </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>no </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">one could ignore him despite everything. Today</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">through three of his candidates (Marine Le Pen, Eric Zemmour and Nicolas Dupont-iNyon), </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>he represents </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">almost</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> a third of the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>electoral pot. Regardless of the ongoing polarization movement in support of the ranks and any expected</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> results, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">we can consider that the 2022 presidential elections will represent another kind </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>of victory, the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">victory of normalization, from two angles.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">On the one</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> hand, the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>extreme right has become familiar since it became</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> no </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">longer</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> a political </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>force</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> unlike the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">rest of the political forces that are active in the LLD,</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> and it </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>is constantly forced</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">to prove its innocence and justify</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> its </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">recent</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">deviations. This same applies to </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>his own strategy, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>which </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>is to </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">seek</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>for fifty years</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>to </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>integrate into the electoral game, aware of the</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> limits of his </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">rhetoric and his usual</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> methods of work</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">. That is why we find that Marine Le Pen has been gradually getting rid </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>of </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">her father's provocative methods to feela kind of <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>The opposition is "the soft". </span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">On the other hand</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">extreme right has become a normal entity where its themes</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">, </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">visions and even ideas have become thenorms governing public debate. This phenomenon is old for Lemen, from the Basquea laws to the candidacy of Eric Ciotti, through theMinistry of Immigration and National Identity. To extend and include today the middle in its broad sense. In 2021 alone, the government passed </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the "</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">comprehensive</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> security", "terrorism and the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">badge</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">" and "Islamic </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">separatism"</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> laws</span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">, at a time when Ministers Jean-Michel Blanquer and Fr&eacute;d&eacute;ric Vidal </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>were </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">waging war on what</span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"> is known in the media </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>as </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">"Islamic left", and </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>he </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">orshe originally coined the term. They are </span></span><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">leaders of the far right.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="q4iawc"><span lang="EN" style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN;">M.A. </span></span></p>
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