INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(149, 'en', 'Legislative elections in Italy and the possible repercussions of the results', 'Italy has always been characterized by the phenomenon of political instability and the short life of governments, which are often coalition governments that organize ...', '<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Legislative elections in Italy and the possible repercussions of the results</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #3598db;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Khudair Abbas Al-Dahlaki</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #3598db;\"> </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">the introduction</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Italy has always been characterized by the phenomenon of political instability and the short life of governments, which are often coalition governments that organize several partisan forces that are not homogeneous in ideologies and programs that are united by partisan interests that quickly intersect due to political data and the intersection of interests on the ground. The elected government that turns into a caretaker government, after which early legislative elections will be called. In this paper, we will discuss the circumstances of the resignation of Government No. 68 after World War II and the adoption of the republican system.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">First - the resignation of the government of national unity in Italy</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The national unity government formed by economist Mario Draghi in 2019 came after the resignation of the coalition government headed by Giuseppe Conte. In 2019, this government included several parties, the Five Star Movement (M5S), the Northern League (Salvini League) and the Forza Italia party. On July 20, 2022, the president presented Italian Minister Mario Draghi asked the Italian Senate for a vote of confidence in his government. The government gained confidence by a narrow majority, prompting the Prime Minister to submit his government\'s resignation to President Sergio Martella, who agreed to accept the resignation. The resignation came the day after three parties affiliated with the government coalition announced that they would not participate in the vote of confidence in his government, after negotiations aimed at finding common ground between all parties failed. Mario Draghi had assumed the presidency of a \"national unity\" government at the beginning of 2021, whose mission was to tackle the Corona pandemic and the economic crisis that resulted from it. However, on July 14, he submitted his government\'s resignation to the President of the Republic, Sergio Mattarella, who was quick to reject it ().</span><span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> </span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">On July 21, 20211, the President of the Republic, Sergio Mattarella, signed a decree dissolving Parliament in its two chambers (deputies and elders), calling for new elections to be held within 70 days as specified in the Constitution: the date confirmed in the Council of Ministers must be the date of September 25. And the continuation of the caretaker government until a new government is formed after legislative elections are held, and the dissolution of parliament is always the last option that must be taken, especially if there are many formalities before the two chambers, as is the case in this period, in the interest of the country. Early elections come under the circumstances And the difficult challenges that Italy and the international community went through in order to confront the economic and social crisis and the increase in inflation, caused primarily by the cost of energy and food.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">They have dire consequences.&rdquo;( ), There are political and economic factors that formed the main causes of the political crisis, which we <strong>review as follows:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">1- Limited options in managing the energy crisis in the context of the economic and geopolitical crisis that Europe is currently suffering from. Italy is expected to witness a suffocating energy crisis in the coming winter in light of the growing Russian pressure with the gas card on the European Union countries that support Ukraine, led by Italy. If the main parties in the government coalition see that Draghi has failed in that file ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">2- Worries about the cost of the Draghi government\'s broad support for Ukraine Despite Draghi\'s heavy focus on tax cuts and pro-business rhetoric, fragile economic conditions in Italy persist, especially with the country\'s borrowing costs skyrocketing. The crisis was further complicated by the repercussions of the Russian war in Ukraine, especially with Draghi\'s massive support for Ukraine at Russia\'s expense, and a firm belief was born within Italy that what Italy is about is a result of the injection of huge funds into Ukraine, which Italy desperately needs.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">3_ Disparities regarding economic policies and immigrants: The high public debt has led to slow economic growth in Italy over the past two decades, and thus impeded efforts to revive the state\'s wealth, and high unemployment rates.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">4_ Disagreements over new judicial reforms It is possible that the controversial judicial reform during Draghi&rsquo;s presidency of the government, about reducing the length of trials by 25% over five years in criminal cases and by 40% in civil cases, is one of the motives of the parties participating in the coalition towards refusing to vote on Confidence in the government.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">5_Italian media revealed the existence of contacts and meetings with the leader of the Northern League party, \"Matteo Salvini\". He held several meetings with a senior Russian diplomatic official in Rome. Silvio Berlusconi also had a lengthy contact with the Russian ambassador on the eve of the sudden shift in his position fully supporting Draghi\'s stay as prime minister until The end of the legislative term In an attempt to respond to the accusations against him of collusion with Vladimir Putin, Berlusconi appeared on one of his television channels, and said: &ldquo;I spoke to the Russian ambassador, Razov, who explained to me the reality of the war in Ukraine that caused the death of 20,000 victims. In the disputed areas, and that the invasion was necessary because Ukraine had been planning for some time to attack Russia.The Italian media sources hinted that it was the American intelligence that leaked news of the contacts that Berlusconi and Salvini made with Russian diplomats in Italy, which is believed to have been the reason for the change of positions during the hours. The last one that preceded the fall of the Draghi government after the lengthy meeting it held</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Right-wing parties in Berlusconi\'s house, who abruptly interrupted his vacation in Sardinia and returned to Rome ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Second - the repercussions of the resignation of the national unity government</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A- The collapse of the government will lead to more social troubles on the impact of general inflation, delay the budget, threaten the recovery of the European Union in the post-epidemic period, and push the markets to collapse. For his part, the French Minister for European Affairs, Lawrence Bonn, expected that Draghi\'s resignation would open the door to a \"period of confusion,\" considering that it would be tantamount to losing \"one of the pillars of Europe,\" as he put it.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">B_ The research advisory firm (Capital Economics) stated that the next government has \"strong financial and monetary incentives\" to implement the reforms demanded by the European Union, or risk losing billions of euros in post-pandemic recovery funds. The \"Brothers of Italy\" party often blamed the European Union However, Meloni\'s endorsement of a \"strong and joint EU response\" to Russian President Vladimir Putin\'s war in Ukraine \"set her apart from some other right-wingers in Italy and Europe,\" said Berenberg Bank chief economist. Italy reflects \"major political uncertainty\", which makes it more difficult to implement structural and financial reforms.The cost of Italy\'s debt rose again, and the Milan Stock Exchange fell on Wednesday, in evidence of market tension over the state of uncertainty in the third largest economy in the eurozone ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Third - the nature of the electoral system</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Italy elects a bicameral parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, which has 630 members, the Senate, which has 315 elected members, and a few senators for life. A piece of legislation may appear in either of the two chambers, and for its approval it must be issued in an identical form and by a majority of each. Both chambers of Parliament are popularly and directly elected through a complex electoral system (last modified in 2005) that combines proportional representation with a prize for the largest coalition majority. All Italian citizens, starting at the age of 18, can vote in the House of Representatives elections, but in spite of that, the voter must have reached 25 years or more in order to be able to vote in the Senate elections (). The Italian electoral system is not fixed in the country\'s constitution. Parliament has made three major amendments to the electoral rules over the past twenty-five years. The most recent of these amendments was in 2017, when members of parliament approved the now-in-progress &ldquo;Rosatellum&rdquo; system, named after Ettore Rosato, a member of parliament for the ruling center-left Democratic Party, who developed</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">This law, and this law requires granting 61% of the seats, i.e. 386 seats in the House of Representatives, and 193 seats in the Senate; proportional representation system. While 37% of the seats are elected, or 232 seats in the House of Representatives, and 116 seats in the Senate; According to the individual system for each electoral district, in which whoever gets the highest votes wins. As for the Italians who live outside the country, they will elect 2% of the seats, or 12 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, and six seats in the Senate ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Parties must win 4% of the electoral vote in order to gain a share of proportional representation seats, a precautionary measure designed to limit vote fragmentation. In the case of an alliance with some parties with larger parties within an electoral coalition, the votes of the parties that obtained a percentage of the vote ranging between 1% and 3% go to the strongest party within the coalition. Which limits the victory of any party or movement with the majority at the same time, helps the parties to enter into an expanded coalition that enables them to form a government coalition ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Fourth - the legislative elections 2022</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">After more than two years of the pandemic, the outbreak of war in Ukraine, inflation, high prices and interest rates, what are the reasons why Italians vote for parties and which issues are most attractive to voters?</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A_ the reasons</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">1_ In general, there are no less than seven major issues that drive the Electoral College as a whole to choose one party over another.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">2_ For center-right voters, the main motivating factors are:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">3_ For voters from the center left</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">4_While middle voters put sharing ideas (36%) and caring about real problems (32%) at the fore.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">B _ the reasons for voting</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">In addition to the need for work and exorbitant prices (across constituencies, the schedule of issues of interest varies between constituencies)</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">1_ Center-left voters have priorities:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">2_ Center-right voters focus on:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">3_ Center voters care:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">4_ The lower middle class and the working class focus on ():</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">5_ On the other hand, the middle class is concentrated</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Fifth: Expectations of participation in the vote of Italians in the legislative elections</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">How are the voters of individual political forces formed? How do individual social strata vote? For each party, the percentage must be compared</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">For the different social and demographic components with the weight of the same component over the total electorate. Taking into account the two main parties, it becomes clear that:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The majority of voters in the Democratic Party are male</span></u></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Fratelli d\'Italia voters</span></u></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Sixth - Whom do Italians vote for?</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The party most voted by the ruling classes (entrepreneurs, middle managers and independents)</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The party with the most votes among workers and executives:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Employees, teachers and <strong>housewives:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">_ retired</span></u></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">According to the economic level ( ).</span></u></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Seventh: Categories expected to abstain from voting</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Eighth - Polls&rsquo; expectations for the results of political parties in the legislative elections:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The directions of the Italian political parties vary from the far right to the far left. There are conservative, moderate and extreme populist parties that are suspicious of the European Union and hostile to immigrants, and others with a fascist ideology. These parties are allied according to partisan and electoral interests. The most prominent of these <strong>alliances are:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif;\">&bull;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> The Center Movement, composed of the Union of the Center party led by \"Lorenzo Chiesa\", \"We are with Italy\" led by \"Maurizio Lupi\", the \"Support Italy\" party headed by \"Luigi Brugnaro\", and the Italy in the Center party headed by Giovanni Totti.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif;\">&bull;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> The centre-right movement, Giorgia Meloni\'s Brothers of Italy party, Silvio Berlusconi\'s Forza Italia party and the Northern League party (Salvini\'s League) headed by Matteo Salvini and a center-right program consisting of 15 points, focusing on four main files: immigration, security, pensions and taxes, Among them is the emphasis on protecting the national interest and the homeland, economic growth, and the defense of the purchasing power of families. Its parties reaffirmed their values ​​and their position in Europe, in NATO and in the West, the need for deep tax reform with a flat tax, and overcoming the Fornero law with the 41 quota, and decrees. Security, regional and presidential autonomy and all the other elements indispensable to addressing Italy\'s problems The center-right also emphasizes issues of strategic infrastructures, reforms such as justice and public administration, which clearly pass the need to reduce the tax burden on households and firms.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif;\">&bull;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> Center-left Democratic Party, Enrico Letta, Carlo Calenda\'s (Movement) party and (Europe +) party, Benedetto della Vidova (Movement and Europe +) coalition</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif;\">&bull;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> Alliance (Italian left and the Greens), the party (Italy is alive) led by Matteo Renzi and the party (Together for a Future) led by Luigi Di Maio.</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">According to the poll conducted by Quorum / Youtrend for Skytg24 in light of the September elections the first party <strong>in voting intentions is expected</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A_ The Fratelli Italia Party, headed by (Giorgia Meloni),</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> was founded on December 21, 2012. It is a conservative, nationalist, traditional, nativist, post-fascist, and sovereign party of personalities, most of whom were within the National Alliance. The party&rsquo;s slogan is &ldquo;God, the Homeland, and the Family&rdquo; and affirms The sanctity of life, the \"traditional family\" and the values of patriotism, conservative and liberal party The party has reactionary tendencies regarding civil rights (a Eurosceptic party, and seeks to strengthen relations with Russia and Russian President Putin, and currently the party is represented by 32 members in the House of Representatives and 18 in the Senate and 6 members of the European Parliament.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">B_ The Democratic Party: led by Enrico Letta,</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> it remained steadfast above twenty points. Founded on October 14, 2007. To present a new personality to a group of Italian parties. The party\'s roots go back to the Democratic Socialist Party, the Democratic Left Party, and the Christian Democratic Party represented by .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">C-Northern League: Led by Matteo Salvini,</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> a political party founded in 1989 as an electoral confederation of some regional movements in northern Italy led by (Umberto Bossi), a member of the Senate since 1987 for the local representation of the League of Lombardy and secretary of the Northern League until 2012, (( )). The party\'s ideology is a mixture of political, fiscal and territorial federalism and a defense of northern Italian traditions. The historical goal of the party is to transform Italy into a federal state.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">W_ 5-Star Movement:</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> headed by Giuseppe Conte, the movement was established through social networks and spread quickly over the Internet through a blog by the actor \"Bebe Grillo\". Which he launched in 2005, and made it a platform, especially for the youth group, to discuss all political, economic, social and other issues that mobilized the Italian street against political parties. It is political because it sees itself as \"clean\" and is not equal to the traditional parties in power that are haunted by suspicions of corruption and abuse of power. It prefers that its name remain a populist anti-corruption movement ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">C_ Forza Italia party announced its founding on November 16,</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"> 2013 by (Silvio Berlusconi), who took advantage of the break in the post-war system of social and political representation to build a new center-right political formation that depends directly on his personality and financial resources and used populist rhetoric to gain hegemony On a center-right constituency, its traditional references and political representation have disappeared.</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">H_Party ((Italexit): a Eurosceptic political party whose founder and leader is Gianluigi Paragone, an Italian senator and former TV journalist whose movement was inspired by the Brexit Party with the aim of taking Italy out of the European Union. In July 2020, Paragone launched his new party with the aim of taking Italy out of the European Union after weeks of Meeting with (Nigel Farage), the leader of the Brexit Party between 2021 and 2022, the party became opposed to the policies promoted by Mario Draghi\'s National Unity Government to contain the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, and strongly opposed the EU\'s digital COVID certificate.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Italia Viva is a liberal political party in Italy founded in September 2019. The party is led by Matteo Renzi, the former Prime Minister of Italy. It is considered a liberal and reformist party. The \"Charter of Values\" refers to republican and anti-fascist values expressed in Italy\'s constitution, as well as in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.It affirms the principle of gender equality, relaunching globalization and staunch opposition to all forms of protectionism and sovereignty and has supported a more stable European political and economic integration.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">D_ Article Party (1 &ndash; Mdp) (Democratic and Progressive Movement): </span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A political party that was formed in February 2017 through a defection from the Democratic Party and was soon joined by a group of remnants of the Italian Left (SI). The party is led by Roberto Speranza. The name refers to Article 1 of the Constitution, which defines Italy as a \"democratic republic based on labour\" and affirms popular sovereignty. In late 2017, the party was a founding member of List (Free and Equal) (LeU), a left-wing joint list for the 2018 general election.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Y_Union of small parties make their voices heard</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">R_The Italian Left and Green Europe</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">In the various scenarios polled by Quorum/Youtrend, the center-right coalition never drops below 45%, while the center-left coalition struggles to pass 36% without a 5-star move.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Ninth - Possible future scenarios for Parliament.</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Pagnoncelli polls Nando Pagnoncelli - President of Ipsos - presents a simulation of the composition of the new parliament five different scenarios: four with the current electoral law - the so-called Rosatellum - and one based on the hypothesis of a new electoral law allocating seats in proportional order and a threshold of 4% The presented simulation is a photographic one and not a future projection because it It will be risky in light of the supposed changes that may occur in the voting orientations of voters after the scenario that appears with the current crisis. But not only that, but also with regard to other elements such as alliances between political forces and defining nominations in constituencies</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">majorities, many of which today are considered \"competitive\", that is, a difference between coalitions of less than 5%.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A - The first scenario - weights</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The first scenario considered records the confirmation of a center-right coalition (Northern League, Fraternity Italia, List / Noi and Viva Italia) on yellow, red and green (Democratic Party, Five Star Movement and allied left lists): 211 seats against 157 in the Chamber of Deputies and 106 to 76 in the Senate. The remaining seats will be allocated on a proportional basis to Italexit (supported by 10 deputies and 5 senators) and to two possible individual \"centrist\" lists: Movement + Europe (10 seats in the council and 5 in the senate) and Italia viva / Italia al centro ( 8 and 4 seats). In this and the remaining scenarios, Together for the Future - Luigi Di Maio\'s newly formed team that awaits possible new alliances - is not included in any of the coalitions.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">B- The second scenario - the variable</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">In the second scenario, the possible expansion of the central region to Forza Italia was considered. In this case, the parliament will not have an absolute majority and the expanded position (supported by 39 deputies and 19 senators) will be decisive in forming the government, allying with the yellow-red-green coalition (187 seats in the chamber and 93 in the senate) or with the coalition Sovereign (Northern League and the Brotherhood of Italy) to add some refugee deputies to it.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">C - The third and fourth scenario - the broad coalitions</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The third scenario envisions a broadening of the main coalitions, with the inclusion of two centrist forces on the center-right and the so-called \"broad field\" on the center-left. In this scenario, the first coalition would have a very narrow majority in both branches of Parliament: 202 seats in the House of Representatives and 101 seats in the Senate. The fourth scenario differs from the previous one only to exclude the Five Star Movement from the \"broad field\" and so far sets the clear majority in favor of the center-right which will assert itself with 244 deputies (against 109 of the center-left) and 124 senators (against 50).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">D - the fifth scenario - the relative hypothesis</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Proportional to the 4% threshold adding the two main coalition seats there would be no absolute majority and this would leave room for coalitions and other types of government formulas. From the picture shown above, it is clear that in three out of five scenarios, the center-right will prevail, and in the remaining scenarios there will be room for changing geometry coalitions, which can also be favored by the position of changing shirts or reviving new parliamentary formations and groups ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Tenth - the possible repercussions of the victory of the right-wing forces in the legislative elections</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">A- There is fear and apprehension among the leaders of the European Union about the arrival of a right-wing government hostile to the European Union and close to Moscow. The parties are the neo-fascist \"Brothers of Italy\" (Fratelli d\'Italia) party led by Georgia Meloni and the \"Northern League\" party led by Matteo Salvini. If they are joined by \"Forza Italia\", the right-wing party led by Silvio Berlusconi, expectations indicate that the right-wing coalition will get 45 to The expert (Alfio Sciarrisa) believed that \"a conservative national coalition will likely adopt a twisted policy accompanied by a lot of internal tension linked to the different positions of the three parties on international issues,\" and warned that \"it is not possible to reconsider\" Italy\'s commitment towards NATO, but \"we may witness isolated initiatives by the ruling parties that undermine confidence in our country and weaken Western policy towards Putin\" ().</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">B_ The possibility of a decline in Italian support for Ukraine: Despite the assertion of the leader of the Italian (League) party, Matteo Salvini, that Italy\'s policy in the international arena \"will always remain the same regardless of the next government\" after the September 25 parliamentary elections. He added, \"We will be on the side of democracy, freedom and peace, whoever wins the elections. We are against any war, aggression or invasion and we work for peace.\" Matteo Salvini announced that he would make \"a contribution to end the Russian war on Ukraine,\" but he did not reveal the type of this contribution</span><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">T_ It is expected that there will be a change in Italian policy towards the immigration file towards extremism, as the Northern League party adopts the goal of (zero immigration) to Italy and intensifies security work, either individually or within the European Union in combating illegal immigration, and in response to a question whether it wants to Assuming the interior portfolio to control the phenomenon of immigration, Salvini said, &ldquo;I see myself where the Italians see me,&rdquo; because he previously assumed the position of Minister of the Interior in the government that was formed after the elections in 2018, but he submitted his resignation after he was referred to the judiciary on charges of kidnapping immigrants from a ship on the Italian coast and causing His resignation with the collapse of the government and its resignation in 2019 Matteo Salvini confirmed that his party will return to \"protecting the country\'s borders and achieving security because thousands of immigrant landings cannot be seen and we cannot bear the burden of thousands of illegal immigrants who flock to the country\'s coasts.\"</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">W_ But the phenomenon of immigration is no longer among the priorities of Italians, as the latest polls showed that the main concerns have become limited to the cost of living, high energy prices, and the increasing poverty rate due to the pandemic, so he pledged not to impose new taxes.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">C- The victory of the populist right and the extreme right in the majority and the formation of the government in Italy will develop and encourage the current demanding Italy\'s exit from the European Union in the medium term.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Events have proven the presence of Russia\'s imprint or influence on the political scene through suspicious relations and contacts with right-wing populist parties, and this is the first time that foreign affairs are one of the drivers.</span> <span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">The actors in the battle for the parliamentary elections, which entail the formation of the Russian government in its war against Ukraine led by Putin, will be strongly present in Italy and will have direct and indirect action in the course of the upcoming legislative elections, including the Russian cyber interference, and that the energy crisis will not be out of the hands of the citizen Who goes to the polling booth carrying a voting card.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif;\">Political leaders seek to obtain electoral votes by presenting their ideas and programs, but the citizen, with his partisan loyalty, is moved by the influence of his material needs.</span></p>', 68);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(150, 'ar', 'التعليم المهني في العراق (الحالة والحلول)', 'تناولت عديد من البحوث والدراسات واقع التعليم في العراق بشكل عام واستفاضت في بحث مشكلاته ونتائجها وأنتجت رؤى وحلول في مختلف الاتجاهات ، لكن ما نحتاج إليه فضلا....', '<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">التعليم المهني في العراق (الحالة والحلول)</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">د. فراس جاسم موسى </span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تناولت عديد من البحوث والدراسات واقع التعليم في العراق بشكل عام واستفاضت في بحث مشكلاته ونتائجها وأنتجت رؤى وحلول في مختلف الاتجاهات ، لكن ما نحتاج إليه فضلا عن تلك البحوث والدراسات هو توجيه ضوء أكثر شعاعا على جزئيات التعليم وفروعه وأنواعه ومن هذه الفروع التعليم المهني ، الذي لا تخفى أهميته التي تُكتسب من ارتباطه بالقطاعات الصناعية والزراعية والتجارية والتقنية وغيرها التي ترتبط بنمو الدولة وقوتها في المجالات الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والعلمية وغيرها من المجالات .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وعلى الرغم من هذه المكانة وهذه الأهمية للتعليم المهني إلا إن بحوث ودراسات عديدة أشرت مشكلة في هذا النوع من التعليم<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>في العراق هي <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>حاجته إلى التطوير ؛ بما<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>يمكنه من تهيئة ملاكات بشرية مؤهلة لتطبيق المعارف والمهارات والقدرات بما يؤمن تلبية حاجة البلد في المجالات الصناعية والزراعية والتجارية والتقنية ، وبناء على هذه المشكلة تسعى هذه الورقة البحثية إلى التعرف على حالة التعليم المهني في العراق من ناحية مدخلاته الكمية والنوعية وتقييم هذه المدخلات وصولا إلى أبرز الحلول والمعالجات التي يمكن لها أن تكون مقدمة لتطوير هذا النوع من التعليم .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ولتحقيق غايات هذه الورقة نتناول المحاور الاتية :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">أولا : قراءة في مدخلات التعليم المهني في العراق : </span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>قبل الولوج في هذا المحور ينبغي لنا أن نحدد مفهوم التعليم المهني في العراق ويعنى به : ذلك النوع من التعليم الذي </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">يتضمن دراسة مواد نظرية عامة وتطبيقية فنية ومهنية وتقنية متنوعة هي : الزراعية والصناعية والتجارية والفنون التطبيقية والسياحة والحاسبات وتقنيات المعلومات ومدة التعليم فيها ثلاث سنوات دراسية بعد انتهاء مدة التعليم الأساس ( الدراسة المتوسطة) ويحصل الطالب فيها على شهادة الإعدادية .</span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn1;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>وما يتعلق بمدخلات التعليم المهني فقد بلغ - بحسب اخر احصاء رسمي <a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn2;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a>- عدد المدارس المهنية في العراق (322) مدرسة أي ما يشكل نسبة تقارب ( 1.26%) من إجمالي<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>المدارس الحكومية التي بلغت ( 25444) مدرسة ، و إذا ما احتسبنا نسبة المدارس المهنية قياسا بإجمالي المدارس الاعدادية ؛ باعتبار أن المدارس المهنية مكافئة من ناحية المرحلة للمدارس الاعدادية سنلحظ أن نسبة المدارس المهنية تصل الى (24%) من إجمالي عدد المدارس الاعدادية في التعليم الحكومي التي بلغت (1349) مدرسة ناهيك</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">عن المراحل الاعدادية في المدارس الثانوية التي تجتمع فيها المرحلتان المتوسطة والاعدادية التي بلغ عددها ( 2703) مدرسة ثانوية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">أما عدد الطلبة المسجلين في التعليم<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>المهني فقد بلغ (108155) طالبا وطالبة ما يشكل<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>حوالي نسبة (1%) من إجمالي الطلبة في التعليم الحكومي الذين بلغ عددهم ( 9971839) طالبا وطالبة ويشكل طلبة التعليم المهني نسبة بلغت حوالي (13%) من إجمالي طلبة المدارس الاعدادية الذين بلغ عددهم(819347) ناهيك عن طلبة المرحلة الاعدادية في المدارس الثانوية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وعدد الهيئات التدريسية في التعليم المهني بلغ ( 10111) بنسبة تجاوزت الـ ( 2%) من إجمالي عدد الهيئات في التعليم الحكومي الذين بلغ عددهم ( 453596) مدرسا ومدرسة ، وبنسبة تجاوزت الـ(28%) من مدرسي المدارس الاعدادية الذين بلغ عددهم ( 35788) مدرسا ومدرسة ، باستثناء مدرسي المرحلة الاعدادية في المدارس الثانوية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وعند عطف النظر على نسب فروع المدارس المهنية بحسب التخصص تبين لنا ما يأتي :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ عدد طلبة <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>المدارس المهنية الصناعية (63146) بنسبة ( 58%) من إجمالي المدارس المهنية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ عدد <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>طلبة المدارس التجارية ( 20895) بنسبة ( 19%) من إجمالي المدارس المهنية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ عدد طلبة مدارس الحاسبات وتقنيات المعلومات ( 14852) بنسبة حوالي (14%)</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">من إجمالي المدارس المهنية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ عدد طلبة مدارس الفنون التطبيقية ( 5531) بنسبة (5%) من</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">إجمالي المدارس المهنية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ عدد طلبة المدارس الزراعية<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>( 2865) بنسبة قاربت الـ(3%)</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">من إجمالي المدارس المهنية .</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_عدد طلبة مدارس السياحة (866) بنسبة قاربت الـ(1%) </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">من إجمالي المدارس المهنية </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>ومن خلال متابعة حركة نمو المدارس المهنية خلال الاعوام الدراسية المحصورة بين العامين الدراسيين ( <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>2014- 2015 / 2020-2021م ) تبين لنا ما يأتي :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد عدد المدارس المهنية من (223) إلى (322) أي بنسبة نمو قاربت الـ( 45%) .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد المدارس الصناعية من (143) مدرسة الى (190) مدرسة بنسبة نمو حوالي (33%) .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد المدارس التجارية من (74) إلى (102) مدرسة بنسبة نمو قاربت الـ( 28%) .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد المدارس الزراعية من (5) إلى (10) مدرسة بنسبة نمو (100%)<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد عدد مدارس الفنون التطبيقية من (1) إلى (5) مدرسة بنسبة نمو (400%)<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ إضافة فرعين جديدين للتعليم المهني هما ( فرع السياحة وفرع الحاسبات وتقنيات المعلومات ).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ إنشاء ( 3) مدارس سياحية .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ إنشاء (12) مدرسة حاسبات وتقنيات المعلومات .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تزايد عدد الطلبة من ( 44696) إلى ( 108155) أي بنسبة نمو حوالي ( 142%) .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ تناقص عدد الهيئات التدريسية من ( 10527) إلى (10111) اي بنسبة تراجع ( - 4%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\">وحين قراءة المعدلات التعليمية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>العامة الاجمالية للتعليم المهني تبين لنا ما يأتي :</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ معدل طالب في كل شعبة : 22 طالب لكل شعبة .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ معدل طالب لكل مدرس : 11 طالب لكل مدرس .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ معدل طالب لكل ورشة ومختبر : 202<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>طالب لكل ورشة ومختبر .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ معدل طالب لكل مكتبة : 872 طالب لكل مكتبة .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">أما من حيث تقويم طلبة التعليم المهني على أساس نتائج التحصيل الدراسي فهي :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ بلغ عدد الناجحين للعام الدراسي 2019- 2020 م : 48807 طالب وطالبة بنسبة (94.4%) من الطلبة الممتحنين .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ بلغ عدد الراسبين : 2989 طالب وطالبة ، أي بنسبة 5.6% من إجمالي الطلبة الممتحنين .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ بلغ عدد التاركين : 1570 طالبا وطالبة<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ومن خلال قراءة هذه <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>الاعداد والنسب نؤشر ما يأتي :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">1_ أن تنامي بعض النسب يأتي في قبال تزايد عدد السكان من ثم يفترض أن تتزايد المدارس والطلبة والهيئات التدريسية عامة في كل أنواع ومراحل التعليم <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">2_ تفاوت مراتب الفروع المهنية ؛ إذ جاءت المدارس المهنية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>الصناعية بالمرتبة الأولى تلتها المدارس التجارية ، وشغل الفرعان الصناعي والتجاري نسبة (77%) من إجمالي فروع المدارس المهنية ثم <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>تلاهما فرع الحاسوب وتقنيات المعلومات على الرغم من أنه أضيف بعد عام ( 2014-2015) ثم مدارس الفنون التطبيقية التي كانت في العام الدراسي المذكور في المرتبة الأخيرة وتقدمت مرتبتها لاحقا ثم المدارس الزراعية وأخيرا مدارس السياحة .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">3_ نلحظ عشوائية النمو بحسب المدارس والطلبة والفروع ما يحتاج الى تحديد المعايير التي تحكم هذا النمو إضافة إلى معيار النمو السكاني .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">4_ تراجع نسب الهيئات التدريسية بشكل لا يتناسب مع تزايد الطلبة والمدارس و أهمية المدارس المهنية واختصاصاتها .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">5_ وما يتعلق بالمعدلات التعليمية والتربوية لحظنا أن ما يخص طالب لكل مدرس وشعبة هي ضمن المعدلات النموذجية العالمية ، أما ما يخص طالب لكل ورشة ومختبر ومكتبة فهي نسب متدنية تحتاج الى تحسين .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">6_ وما يخص نسب الراسبين والتاركين فهي معدلات تتجاوز الى حد ما النسب النموذجية وتحتاج الى بذل عناية أكبر لغرض تقليلها أكثر من ذلك .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وبشكل عام نلحظ من خلال هذه الارقام والنسب والمقارنات ، أن<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>واقع وحالة التعليم المهني في العراق تكتنفها بعض المشكلات والتحديات ؛ ما يحتاج إلى التعرف إليها ، وهذا ما يتناوله المحور ثانيا .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ثانيا : </span></strong><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">أبرز التحديات التي تواجه التعليم المهني في العراق :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">يواجه التعليم المهني جملة من التحديات والعقبات المتداخلة التي تحد من<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>أخذ دوره الريادي في خدمة المجتمع ، ويمكن إجمالها بما يأتي : </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">1_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">حالات الحروب والأزمات الاقتصادية التي يمر بها العراق منذ عقود طويلة ، حدت من الاهتمام بهذا القطاع التعليمي المهم بشكل مناسب ، فضلا عن ضعف التخصيصات المالية اللازمة.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">2_ السياسات والتخطيط والفلسفة التعليمية والتربوية في العراق ما تزال قاصرة عن الأخذ بيد هذا النوع من التعليم ، ونظمه مع صفوف بقية أنواع التعليم .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">3_ ثقافة المجتمع ذاته وتوجهاته <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>ترى أن هذا النوع من التعليم ليس مساويا لغيره من الناحية الاعتبارية ، فخريجو المدارس المهنية وحتى المعاهد الفنية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>في نظرهم ليسوا مساوون لخريجي بقية الاختصاصات والمراحل .</span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn3;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">4_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تسارع وتيرة التطورات والتغيرات العلمية والتقنية وضعف الإمكانات المادية والعلمية يحد من اللحاق بمصاف المؤسسات المهنية والتقنية في العالم ويجعل هذا القطاع التعليمي قاصرا عن مثيله في الدول المتقدمة في الجوانب النظرية والتطبيقية<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>؛ مما ينعكس سلبا على الفكر والتطبيق كما ونوعا<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>في مؤسسات العراق التعليمية والتدريبية ومخرجاته ، فعلى سبيل المثال حجم التعليم لدى العراق في هذا النوع التعليمي كما بيناه متواضعا قياسا بالتعليم العام بينما تصل نسبته في بعض بلدان الوطن العربي الى (20%) ، وماليزيا الى (44%) .</span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn4;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">5_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ضعف مدخلات التعليم والتدريب المهني &ndash; كما بينا في المحور أولا - <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>وكذلك عدم كفاية المناهج وأساليب التدريب وطرائق التدريس والهيئات التدريسية والمناهج والأنشطة التدريبية ووسائل الإيضاح والمختبرات والمكتبات وعدم مراعاة الفروق الفردية بين الطلبة<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>وضعف مراكز البحث والتطوير بهذا المجال والحاجة الى الاهتمام بالتدريب الصيفي للطلبة فضلا عن حاجة هذه المدارس الى مراعاة المعايير النموذجية في الأبنية المدرسية والمساحات والصفوف والساحات وغيرها <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>. </span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn5;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">6_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">حاجة المدارس المهنية الى معايير في الانشاء والتوزيع بحسب التوزيع الجغرافي (محافظات &ndash; حضر &ndash; ريف...)<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>وبحسب <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>الفروع<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>( صناعة &ndash; تجارة ...) وجنس الطلبة (ذكور &ndash; إناث...) <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>وهيئات تدريسية ( جنس المدرسين &ndash; تخصصاتهم ...) <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>، ومستلزمات ووسائل تدريب ( مكتبات &ndash; مختبرات &ndash; ورش ) ، فعلى سبيل المثال بيئة الريف <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>تحتاج الى رفع نسبة المعاهد الزراعية فيها أكثر من النسبة الحالية ؛ لوجود بيئات زراعية مناسبة أكثر من الحضر وضعف نسبة الفنون التطبيقية يحتاج الى رفعه في الحضر وتنشيطه بحسب النوع الاجتماعي وهكذا قياسا .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">7_ ضعف الشراكة مع القطاع الخاص على الرغم من أهميته في العمل مع مؤسسات التعليم المهني في دراسة متطلبات وحاجات سوق العمل من جهة وكفالة القطاع الخاص للمشاركة في تمويل التعليم والتدريب المهني من جهة ثانية بناء على عقود شراكة بينهما .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">8_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ضعف حركة المؤسسات الحكومية والقطاع العام داخل صفوف هذا التعليم من خلال غياب الاستفادة من مخرجاته أو خدماته وخبراته أسهم في ضعفه .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">9_ تراجع دور الدولة في توظيف خريجي فروع هذا التعليم .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">10_</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> تراجع دور القطاع الخاص باستيعاب مخرجات هذا التعليم . </span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn6;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">11_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">قلة المبادرات والاستراتيجيات الخاصة بهذا التعليم ، لكن تجدر الإشارة الى إطلاق وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي استراتيجية (</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">TEVET</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">) العشرية الخاصة بتطوير التعليم والتدريب المهني والتقني للأعوام (2014-2023)، التي تهدف الى خفض معدلات البطالة بين الشباب من خلال تحسين المدخلات والعمليات لتحسين المخرجات ويمكن لهذه الاستراتيجية أن تنعكس إيجابا على المدارس المهنية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>. </span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn7;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">12_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">من بين التحديات الحتمية اللازمة بعد عرض التحديات والعقبات المذكورة هو الحاجة الى بنية تشريعية مناسبة ، مثال قوانين التعليم والاستثمار .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وهذه التحديات تحتاج إلى وقفة شاملة واتحاد جهود على مستوى الدولة بمؤسساتها كافة وهي ليست مقتصرة على جهود وزارة التربية ، بشكل يؤمن وضع سبل وحلول للتعامل مع هذه المدارس بمدخلاتها وعملياتها ومخرجاتها ، وهذه السبل<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>والحلول هي ما يتناوله المبحث الثالث .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ثالثا : الحلول الممكنة<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>لتحسين وتطوير حالة التعليم المهني .</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">للانطلاق بالتعليم والتدريب المهني الى عالم متألق ومكانة مناسبة تتناسب مع الدور والأهمية التي يشكلها ، يمكن اعتماد ما يأتي :</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">1_</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وضع فلسفة تربوية خاصة بالتعليم والتدريب المهني وسياسات وخطط شاملة ودقيقة تضعه في المكانة العلمية والعملية المناسبة التي يستحقها .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">2_<strong> </strong></span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تأليف لجان تخصصية مشتركة بين الجهات المعنية ؛ لتتدارس وتبحث إعادة النظر بكل مدخلات هذا النوع التعليمي ومنها : المناهج وبرامج التدريب ونظم التقويم والامتحانات وأساليب التدريب ونوعية المدربين وخبراتهم وطرائق التدريس المناسبة والكفايات التعليمية والتربوية اللازمة وخطط القبول .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">3_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">إعادة النظر بالتشريعات الخاصة بالتعليم المهني<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>كنظام التعليم المهني رقم (3) لسنة 2002 وغيره بالتعاون والتنسيق الفعال بين لجنتي التربية والتعليم العالي النيابيتين ووزارتي التربية والتعليم العالي وخبراء ومختصين ومنظمات مجتمع مدني مختصة وفئات من القطاع الخاص .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">4_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">اعتماد أسلوب التخطيط المسبق والتنبؤ بأوضاع وحاجات سوق العمل من مخرجات التعليم المهني وبناء نماذج تنبؤ بأوضاع سوق العمل والتعرف على الحاجات الفعلية في المدى القريب والمتوسط ؛ لتحقيق المواءمة بين حاجات السوق والكم والنوع اللازم من مخرجات التعليم والتدريب المهني .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">5_</span><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">عقد شراكات وتنسيقات متعددة لتنشيط هذا التعليم منها : الشراكة والتنسيق بين وزارتي التربية والتعليم العالي ووزارة العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية وشراكات وتنسيق بين مؤسسات التعليم المهني والتقني بجامعاتها ومدارسها والمديرية العامة للتعليم المهني والقطاع الخاص ،بشأن الخبرات والعقود وتوفير فرص العمل وتنظيم مخرجات التربية ومدخلات التعليم العالي والتدريب في ضوء متطلبات سوق العمل وبشكل مستمر وكذلك إشراك القطاع الخاص بمختلف النشاطات مثال المؤتمرات والندوات وورش العمل التي تعقد والاستفادة من خبراتهم لحاجات سوق العمل وجلبه للاستثمار .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">6_</span><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">مساندة وتقوية إعمال الاستراتيجية الوطنية للتعليم والتدريب المهني والتقني التي أطلقتها وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي للأعوام (2014-2023) لتحقيق أهدافها في إيجاد منظومة ديناميكية لسوق العمل والنهج التدريبي والتعليمي في العراق من أجل توفير بيانات ومعلومات دقيقة وحديثة عن جانبي العرض والطلب لمساعدة متخذي القرار وأصحاب الأعمال والأفراد في التعرف على الحاجات الحالية والمستقبلية من المهارات والتخصصات المختلفة ورسم سياسات نظم التشغيل والتعليم والتدريب ، وكل مؤسسة وفرد بحسب تعلق الأمر والاختصاص به لكونها تعتمد قنوات تنفيذ وتمويل موضوعية وتخلق شراكات مع الاتحاد الأوربي وخبراته المتميزة وتحفز الإمكانات الذاتية مثال الإيرادات المتحققة من العقود مع القطاع الخاص وموازنات المحافظات والإيرادات الذاتية ودعم منظمات دولية وتؤكد الورقة على ضرورة توطيد الشراكات مع المنظمات الدولية ؛ لأهميتها في تحديث منظومة التعليم والتدريب المهني وتجدر الإشارة الى مبادرة منظمة اليونسكو في تأهيل<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>وتجهيز (37) مدرسة في (13) محافظة عراقية وتحديث (9) تخصصات مهنية ، وتدريب مجموعة من كبار المسؤولين بوزارة التربية حول القيادة الفعالة للتعليم والتدريب المهني والتقني بجامعة الإسكندرية في مصر . </span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn8;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[8]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">7_ زيادة وتنشيط عقد مؤتمرات وورش عمل خاصة بالتعليم المهني والتقني حالية ومستقبلية تشترك فيها جميع الجهات المعنية داخل وخارج مؤسسات هذا التعليم للخروج بوثيقة شاملة تستوعب إسقاط كل الخطوات المذكورة .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">8<a name=\"_Hlk141613059\"></a>_ </span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تنشيط دور الإعلام التعليمي والتربوي الخاص بهذا التعليم بما يؤمن رفعة شأنه بين الأوساط الشبابية ؛ لزيادة الإقبال عليه ومن ناحية ثانية تنشيط دور الإعلام في البرامج التدريبية.</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">9_ </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">يمكن إنشاء مجلس مشترك لكل القطاعات المذكورة بشرط أن لا ترتب أعباء مالية إضافية إنما من التشكيلات ومواردها نفسها ؛ لضمان التنسيق المطلوب وإنشاء مركز لاعتماد وضبط جودة التعليم والتدريب المهني يرتبط بالمجلس المذكور كما حصل في التجربة الأردنية ويتولى المجلس من بين مهماته إعداد جداول متابعة هذا التعليم لضمان تحقيق أهداف وخطط موضوعة .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">10_ </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">يمكن القيام بجملة من الإجراءات انيا أو مستقبليا تشجع الاستثمار في التعليم والتدريب المهني والتقني ، مثال :</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">أ_</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تقديم تسهيلات للمستثمرين منها أراض تقام عليها منشات خاصة بهذا التعليم .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ب_منح قروض ميسرة للمستثمرين بهذا القطاع .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ت_</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">إعفاء المعدات والمستلزمات الخاصة بهذا التعليم من الضرائب أو منحها تسهيلات ضريبية .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ث_</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">خصخصة نسب ما كأن تكون (50%) من التعليم المهني والتقني .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ج_</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">منح الأسبقية لأصحاب الإنتاج والخدمات بهذا التعليم . </span></span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn9;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[9]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">11_ </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تعزيز مدخلات كليات ومعاهد التعليم المهني والتقني في التعليم العالي من مخرجات مدارس التعليم المهني .</span></span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn10;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[10]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">12_ تطبيق القرارات والخطط المتعلقة بتطوير التعليم المهني كافة .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">13_ الاستفادة من نتائج البحوث والدراسات التي أعدها طلبة الدراسات العليا ونتائج<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>المؤتمرات والندوات ومجمل النقاشات العلمية الخاصة بالتعليم المهني<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>مع مراعاة وضعها في خطط متجانسة وغير متعارضة على وفق برامج عملية .</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">14_ الاستمرار في دعم وتسهيل عمل المشروعات الأممية المتعلقة بتطوير التعليم المهني كمشروع </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">إصلاح التعليم</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">والتدريب التقني والمهني في العراق</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> الذي نفذته<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">منظمة الأمم <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>المتحدة للتربية والعلوم والثقافة (اليونسكو) &ndash; مكتب العراق</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">بالتعاون مع الحكومة العراقية وحكومة إقليم كردستان </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">الذي تبنى</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تأسيس قطاع تعليم وتدريب تقني ومهني <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>حديث يلبي</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">مختلف حاجات سوق العمل ومدعوم بمسح شامل</span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></span><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">للمتطلبات الانية والمستقبلية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>لسوق العمل وموازنة مالية قدرت ( 16) مليار دينار .</span></span><a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn11;\" title=\"\" href=\"file:///C:/Users/HP/Desktop/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB%20%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9/%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A9%20%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2%20%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%20(5).docx#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><span style=\"mso-bookmark: _Hlk141613059;\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Calibri\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">[11]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></span></span></a></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">المصادر :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">1_</span><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span></strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">الأمانة العامة لمجلس الوزراء العراقي ، خبر منشور في الموقع الالكتروني الرسمي<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>للأمانة ، في الرابط الالكتروني الاتي ،<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">http://www.cabinet.iq</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">/ تأريخ النشر 6/9/2019 ، تأريخ الدخول ، 25/8/2022م .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">2_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">سيروان عبدالله سيريني : نحو تنمية تربوية في إقليم كوردستان &ndash; العراق ، مجلس النواب العراقي ، الدائرة الاعلامية ، 2021 .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">3_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">عبد الستار رائف المولى : دور مخرجات التعليم والتدريب التقني والمهني في استجابة لمتطلبات سوق العمل في العراق ، مجلة جامعة الأنبار للعلوم الاقتصادية والإدارية ، المجلد الرابع ، العدد التاسع ،المديرية العامة لتربية الأنبار &ndash; قسم التعليم المهني ، 2012م</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">4_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">علي خليل ابراهيم التميمي<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>: رؤية مستقبلية لدور القطاع الخاص في مؤسسات التدريب العربي السودان ، 2009م</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">5_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">علي خليل التميمي :<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>منظمة العمل العربية<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>الندوة القومية دور منظمات أصحاب الأعمال في تضييق الفجوة القائمة بين مخرجات التدريب وحاجات سوق العمل ، بحث منشور ، مقدم الى منظمة العمل ، القاهرة ،2009م .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">6_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">فراس جاسم موسى : التعليم والتدريب المهني والتقني في العراق الحاضر والمأمول ، بحث غير منشور ، مجلس النواب العراقي ، الدائرة الإعلامية ، 2016.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">7_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">منظمة الأمم المتحدة للتربية والعلم والثقافة &ndash; مكتب يونسكو العراق ، خبر منشور على الموقع الرسمي<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>للمنظمة ، في الرابط الإلكتروني :</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><a href=\"/ar/admin/versions/69/www.unesco.org\">www.unesco.org</a></span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.، وقت الدخول يوم الثلاثاء الموافق 5/4/2016 م.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">8_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وزارة التربية العراقية : المديرية العامة للتخطيط التربوي ، قسم الاحصاء ، التقريران السنويان للعامين الدراسيين (2014-2015 / 2020-2021م ) .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">9_ </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي ، هيأة التعليم التقني ، الموقع الرسمي للهيأة ، على الرابط الإلكتروني <a href=\"/ar/admin/versions/69/www.fte.edu.iq\">www.fte.edu.iq</a></span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraph\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 34.8pt; mso-add-space: auto;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>', 69);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(151, 'en', 'Vocational education in Iraq (case and solutions)', 'Numerous researches and studies dealt with the reality of education in Iraq in general and elaborated on its problems and results and produced visions an....', '<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: center; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Vocational education in Iraq (case and solutions)</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Dr. Firas Jassem Musa</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Numerous researches and studies dealt with the reality of education in Iraq in general and elaborated on its problems and results and produced visions and solutions in various directions, but what we need in addition to those researches and studies is to direct a more radiant light on the details of education and its branches and types. Among these branches is vocational education, which does not Its importance is hidden from its association with the industrial, agricultural, commercial, technical and other sectors that are linked to the growth of the state and its strength in the economic, social, scientific and other fields.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Despite this status and importance of vocational education, many researches and studies have pointed out that a problem with this type of education in Iraq is its need for development. In order to enable him to prepare human cadres qualified to apply knowledge, skills and capabilities in a way that secures meeting the country\'s needs in the industrial, agricultural, commercial and technical fields, and based on this problem, this research paper seeks to identify the status of vocational education in Iraq in terms of its quantitative and qualitative inputs and evaluate these inputs to reach the most prominent Solutions and treatments that can be an introduction to the development of this type of education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">To achieve the objectives of this paper, we address the following topics:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">First: A reading of the vocational education inputs in Iraq:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Before entering into this axis, we should define the concept of vocational education in Iraq, which means: that type of education that includes the study of general theoretical and applied technical, vocational and various technical subjects: agricultural, industrial, commercial, applied arts, tourism, computers and information technologies. The duration of education is three academic years after The end of the basic education period (intermediate school) and the student obtains a preparatory certificate.</span><span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\';\"> </span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">And with regard to the inputs of vocational education, it has reached - according to the latest official census - the number of vocational schools in Iraq (322) schools, which constitutes a percentage of approximately (1.26%) of the total government schools, which amounted to (25444) schools, and if we calculate the percentage of vocational schools by comparison In total middle schools; Considering that vocational schools are equivalent in terms of stage to preparatory schools, we will notice that the percentage of vocational schools reaches (24%) of the total number of preparatory schools in public education, which amounted to (1349) schools, not to mention</span><span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\';\"> </span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">About the preparatory stages in secondary schools in which the middle and preparatory stages meet, which numbered (2703) secondary schools.</span><span dir=\"RTL\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\';\"> </span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">As for the number of students enrolled in vocational education, it reached (108,155) male and female students, which constitutes about (1%) of the total students in government education, who numbered (9,971,839) male and female students. Vocational education students constitute about (13%) of the total number of students. Preparatory schools, whose number reached (819,347), not to mention the middle school students in secondary schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">The number of teaching staff in vocational education reached (10111), with a rate that exceeded (2%) of the total number of staff in government education, who numbered (453,596) male and female teachers, and a rate that exceeded (28%) of middle school teachers, who numbered (35,788). Teachers and schools, with the exception of middle school teachers in secondary schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">When looking at the ratios of branches of vocational schools according to specialization, we find <strong>out the following:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"> The number of industrial vocational school students (63146), with a rate of (58%) of the total number of vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">The number of commercial school students (20,895), or 19% of the total number of vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"> The number of students in schools of computers and information technologies (14852), at a rate of about (14%) of the total number of vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ </span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">The number of students in applied arts schools (5531), at a rate of (5%) of the total number of vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"> The number of agricultural school students (2865), at a rate of about (3%) of the total vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">The number of students in tourism schools (866), at a rate of about (1%) of the total number of vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>And by following up the growth movement of vocational schools during the academic years confined between the two academic years (2014-2015 / 2020-2021 AD), we have found the following:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of vocational schools increased from (223) to (322), i.e. a growth rate of nearly (45%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Industrial schools increased from (143) to (190) schools, with a growth rate of about (33%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The increase in commercial schools from (74) to (102) schools, with a growth rate of nearly (28%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ Increasing agricultural schools from (5) to (10) schools, with a growth rate of (100%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of applied arts schools increased from (1) to (5) schools, with a growth rate of (400%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Adding two new branches of vocational education (the Tourism Branch and the Computers and Information Technology Branch).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ Establishment (3) tourist schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ Establishing (12) schools of computers and information technologies.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of students increased from (44,696) to (108,155), i.e. a growth rate of about (142%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of teaching staff decreased from (10527) to (10111), i.e. a decline rate of (-4%).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">When reading the overall general educational averages for vocational education, the following becomes clear to us:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Student average in each division: 22 students per division.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Student per teacher rate:</span></strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\"> 11 students per teacher.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ Average student per workshop and laboratory: 202 students per workshop and laboratory.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ Average student per library: 872 students per library.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">In terms of evaluating vocational education students based on the results of academic achievement, <strong>they are</strong>:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of successful students for the academic year 2019-2020 AD: 48,807 male and female students, with a rate of (94.4%) of the examined students.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of repeaters reached: 2989 male and female students, or 5.6% of the total number of students examined.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The number of those who left: 1570 male and female students.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">By reading these numbers and ratios, <strong>we indicate the following</strong>:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">1_ That the growth of some percentages comes in the face of an increase in the population, and then it is assumed that schools, students, and teaching staff in general will increase in all types and stages of education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">2_ The disparity in the ranks of the professional branches; The industrial and vocational schools ranked first, followed by the commercial schools, and the industrial and commercial branches occupied (77%) of the total vocational school branches, then followed by the computer and information technology branch, although it was added after a year (2014-2015), then the applied arts schools that were in The aforementioned academic year ranked last, and its rank advanced later, then agricultural schools, and finally tourism schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">3_ We note the randomness of growth according to schools, students and branches, which requires determining the criteria that govern this growth in addition to the population growth criterion.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">4_ The percentage of teaching staff has declined in a way that is not commensurate with the increase in students and schools and the importance of vocational schools and their specializations.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">5_ And with regard to educational and educational rates, we noticed that what pertains to a student for each teacher and division is within the international standard rates, as for what pertains to a student per workshop, laboratory and library, they are low rates that need improvement.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">6_ With regard to the percentages of repeaters and leavers, they are rates that exceed to some extent the typical percentages and need to exert greater care in order to reduce them even more.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">In general, we notice through these numbers, ratios, and comparisons, that the reality and situation of vocational education in Iraq is beset by some problems and challenges; What needs to be recognized, and this is what the axis deals with secondly.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Second: The most prominent challenges facing vocational education in Iraq:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Vocational education faces a number of overlapping challenges and obstacles that limit taking its leading role in community service, and they can be <strong>summarized as follows:</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">1_ The cases of wars and economic crises that Iraq has been going through for decades have limited interest in this important educational sector in an appropriate manner, in addition to the weakness of the necessary financial allocations.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">2_ Policies, planning, and educational and educational philosophy in Iraq are still short of taking into account this type of education, and organizing it with the ranks of the rest of the types of education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">3_ The culture of the society itself and its orientations see that this type of education is not equal to others from a legal point of view. Graduates of vocational schools and even technical institutes, in their view, are not equal to graduates of the rest of the specializations and stages.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">4_ The accelerating pace of scientific and technical developments and changes, and the weakness of the material and scientific capabilities limit the catch-up with the ranks of professional and technical institutions in the world and make this educational sector fall short of its counterpart in developed countries in the theoretical and applied aspects; Which reflects negatively on the thought and application in quantity and quality in the educational and training institutions of Iraq and its outputs. For example, the volume of education in Iraq in this type of education, as we have shown, is modest compared to public education, while its percentage in some countries of the Arab world reaches (20%), and Malaysia reaches (44%). %).</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">5_ The weakness of the inputs of education and vocational training - as shown in the first axis - as well as the inadequacy of the curricula, training methods, teaching methods, teaching staff, curricula, training activities, teaching aids, laboratories and libraries, and not taking into account individual differences between students and the weakness of research and development centers in this field and the need to pay attention to summer training for students as well as The need for these schools to take into account the standard standards in school buildings, areas, classrooms, yards, and others.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\';\">6</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">_ The need for vocational schools to establish and distribute standards according to geographical distribution (governorates - urban - rural ...) and according to branches (industry - commerce ...) and the gender of students (male - female ...) and teaching staff (the gender of teachers - their specializations). ..), supplies and training means (libraries - laboratories - workshops), for example, the rural environment needs to raise the percentage of agricultural institutes in it more than the current percentage; Due to the presence of more suitable agricultural environments than urban ones, and the weakness of the percentage of applied arts, it needs to be raised in urban areas and activated according to social gender, and so on by analogy.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">7_ Weak partnership with the private sector, despite its importance in working with vocational education institutions in studying the requirements and needs of the labor market on the one hand, and ensuring that the private sector participates in financing vocational education and training on the other hand, based on partnership contracts between them.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">8_ The weak movement of government institutions and the public sector within the ranks of this education through the absence of benefiting from its outputs or services and experiences contributed to its weakness.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">9_ The decline in the role of the state in employing graduates of this education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">10_ The decline in the role of the private sector in absorbing the outputs of this education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">11_ Lack of initiatives and strategies for this education, but it should be noted that the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research launched the ten-year (TEVET) strategy for the development of vocational and technical education and training for the years (2014-2023), which aims to reduce unemployment rates among youth through improving inputs and processes to improve Outputs This strategy can reflect positively on vocational schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">12_ Among the inevitable challenges needed after presenting the aforementioned challenges and obstacles is the need for an appropriate legislative structure, such as education and investment laws.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">These challenges need a comprehensive pause and a union of efforts at the state level with all its institutions, and they are not limited to the efforts of the Ministry of Education, in a way that secures the development of ways and solutions to deal with these schools with their inputs, processes and outputs, and these ways and solutions are what the third topic deals with.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">Third: Possible solutions to improve and develop the state of vocational education.</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">In order to launch education and vocational training into a brilliant world and an appropriate position commensurate with the role and importance it constitutes, the following can be adopted:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">1_ Developing an educational philosophy for education and vocational training, as well as comprehensive and accurate policies and plans that put him in the appropriate scientific and practical position he deserves.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">2_ Formation of joint specialized committees between the concerned authorities; To study and discuss a review of all the inputs of this type of education, including: curricula, training programs, assessment systems, examinations, training methods, the quality of trainers and their experiences, appropriate teaching methods, the necessary teaching and educational competencies, and admission plans.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">3_ Reconsider the legislation related to vocational education, such as the vocational education system No. (3) for the year 2002 and others, in cooperation and effective coordination between the Parliamentary Education and Higher Education Committees, the Ministries of Education and Higher Education, experts, specialists, specialized civil society organizations, and groups from the private sector.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">4_ Adopting the method of advance planning and forecasting the conditions and needs of the labor market from the outputs of vocational education, building forecast models for the conditions of the labor market and identifying the actual needs in the short and medium term; To achieve harmonization between market needs and the required quantity and type of vocational education and training outputs.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">5_ Contracting multiple partnerships and coordination to activate this education, including: partnership and coordination between the Ministries of Education and Higher Education and the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs, partnerships and coordination between vocational and technical education institutions in their universities and schools, the General Directorate of Vocational Education and the private sector, regarding expertise and contracts, providing job opportunities and organizing education outputs and higher education and training inputs In the light of the requirements of the labor market on an ongoing basis, as well as the involvement of the private sector in various activities, such as conferences, seminars and workshops that are held, and benefiting from their expertise to meet the needs of the labor market and attract investment.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">6_ Supporting and strengthening the implementation of the national strategy for education and vocational and technical training launched by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for the years (2014-2023) to achieve its goals in creating a dynamic system for the labor market and the training and educational approach in Iraq in order to provide accurate and up-to-date data and information on the supply and demand sides to help decision-makers And business owners and individuals to identify the current and future needs of various skills and specializations and draw up policies for operating systems, education and training, and each institution and individual according to the matter and its competence because it adopts objective implementation and financing channels and creates partnerships with the European Union and its distinguished expertise and stimulates self-capabilities, such as revenues generated from contracts with The private sector, governorate budgets, self-revenue, and the support of international organizations. The paper stresses the need to strengthen partnerships with international organizations; Because of its importance in modernizing the education and vocational training system, it is worth noting the UNESCO initiative to rehabilitate and equip (37) schools in (13) Iraqi governorates, modernize (9) vocational specializations, and train a group of senior officials at the Ministry of Education on effective leadership for education and vocational and technical training at Alexandria University in Egypt .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">7_ Increasing and activating the holding of conferences and workshops for current and future vocational and technical education in which all concerned parties inside and outside the institutions of this education participate in order to come up with a comprehensive document that accommodates dropping all the mentioned steps.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">_ Activating the role of the educational and educational media related to this education, in order to ensure its elevation among youth circles; To increase the demand for it, and on the other hand, to activate the role of the media in training programs.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">9_ A joint council can be established for all the aforementioned sectors, provided that they do not impose additional financial burdens, but rather from the formations and their resources themselves; To ensure the required coordination and to establish a center for the accreditation and control of the quality of vocational education and training linked to the aforementioned council, as happened in the Jordanian experience.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">10_ A number of measures can be taken now or in the future that encourage investment in vocational and technical education and training, for example:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">A_ Providing facilities to investors, including lands on which facilities for this education are built.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">B_ Granting soft loans to investors in this sector.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">T_ Exemption of equipment and supplies for this education from taxes or granting them tax facilities.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">D_ privatization of percentages, such as (50%) of vocational and technical education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">C_ giving precedence to the owners of production and services in this education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">11_ Enhancing the inputs of colleges and institutes of vocational and technical education in higher education from the outputs of vocational education schools.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">12_ Implementation of decisions and plans related to the development of all vocational education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">13_ Benefiting from the results of research and studies prepared by postgraduate students, the results of conferences and seminars, and the overall scientific discussions on vocational education, taking into account their development in harmonious and non-conflicting plans according to practical programs.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Sans Serif Collection\',sans-serif; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">14_ Continue to support and facilitate the work of international projects related to the development of vocational education, such as the technical and vocational education and training reform project in Iraq, which was implemented by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) - the Iraq office in cooperation with the Iraqi government and the Kurdistan Regional Government, which adopted the establishment of a modern technical and vocational education and training sector. It meets the various needs of the labor market and is supported by a comprehensive survey of the current and future requirements of the labor market and a financial budget estimated at (16) billion dinars.</span></p>', 69);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(152, 'ar', 'شكوك قائمة لماذا تستمرّ المحاذير السعودية حيال الانفتاح على تركيا؟', 'شهدت العلاقات الترك ية السعودية تطورًا لافتًا منذ نهاية عامِّ 2020 ،\r\nوتسارعت مؤشّرات الإنفراج بين', '<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: center; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">شكوك قائمة لماذا تستمرّ المحاذير السعودية حيال الانفتاح على تركيا؟</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">كرم سعيد</span></span></strong><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">/ </span></strong><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">نائب مدير تحرير مجلة الديمقراط ية الأهرام</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">شهدت العلاقات التركية السعودية تطورًا لافتًا منذ نهاية عامِّ 2020 ، وتسارعت مؤشّرات الإنفراج بين البلدين مع زيارة الرئيس التركيّ للرياض في نيسان الماضي، وهو الأمر الذى ساهم في كسر جبل الجليد بين البلدين، ثمّ جاءت زيارة ولى العهد السعودي مح مد بن سلمان لأنقرة في 22 حزيران الماضي، لتكشف عن رغبة ترك ية بالأساس في تطبيع العلاقات، والقفز على الأزمة السِّياس ية الحادة التي اندلعت بينهما إثر مقتل الصحفي السعودي جمال خاشقجي في قنصلية بلاده في تركيا، واتهام حكومة العدالة والتنميةولي العهد السعودي بتدبير الحادث . ويشار إلى أ ن في إطار مساعي أنقرة ل لعودة تدريجيًا إلى سياسة \"تصفير المشاكل\"، سعت إلى تقليص حدّة التوتر الذي تصاعد في العلاقات مع الرياض، وهو ما عكسه أيضًا تصريحات المسؤولين الأتراك، حيث أعلن الرئيس التركيّ في شباط الماضي عن أ ن بلاده تطمح إلى تجاوز خلافاتها مع الرياض، وأ كد على أن ثمة العديد من مجالات التعاون الاقتصادي والسِّياسيّ التي يمكن أنْ تتشارك فيها بلاده مع الرياض. كما استقبل وزير الخارجية السعودي نظيره التركيّ في أيار 2021 فضلًا عن لقائهما مجددًا في 16 تموز 2021 ، على هامش المؤتمر الدولي لآسيا الوسطى وجنوب آسيا الذي انعقد في ال عاصمة الأوزبكية طشقند . وبالتوازي مع الخطوات السابقة، أكد المتحدث باسم الرئاسة التركية في 4 كانون الثاني الماضي على أن عام 2022 سيكون عام انفتاحات إقليمية جديدة، وسيشهد تسارعًا في خطوات التطبيع</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">تبريد التوتر</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">سعت أنقرة والرياض إلى تخفيف سخونة التوتر بينهما قبل عامّ ونصف ، على نحو يبدو جليًا في اتصال الرئيس التركيّ بالعاهل السعودي في تشرين الثاني</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">2020</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> ، وتأكيده على أهمِّ ية تحسين العلاقات مع الرياض وحلِّ الملفات الشائكة من خلال الحوار، وهو ما دفع وزير الخارجية السعودي للردِّ على هذا الاتصال بالتأكيد على \"أ ن المملكة لديها علاقات \"رائعة مع تركيا ولا توجد بيانات تشير إلى وجود مقاطعة غير رسم ية للمنتجات التركية\" ) 1 (. كما ق دمت السعودية في تشرين الثاني 2020 مساعدات إغاثية لضحايا الزلزال الذي ضرب منطقة أزمير الترك ية . بالتوازي مع ذلك سعت الرياض إلى تعزيز علاقتها العسكرية مع أنقرة، حيث كشف الرئيس التركيّ في آذار 2021 عن طلب سعودي للحصول على دفعة من الطائرات الترك ية ا لمسيّرة. تحركات تركيا لتجسير الفجوة مع الرياض، لم تقتصر على ما سبق، فقد أعلن المتحدث باسم الرئاسة الترك ية في نيسان 2021 عن ترحيب بلاده بالمحاكمة التي أجرتها السعودية للمتهمين بقتل خاشقجي في إسطنبول، وهو موقف يخالف كا فة المواقف الترك ية السابقة التي شكّ كت في نزاهة وقانون ية المحاكمة السعودية، وهو ما يعدُّ تحولًا جوهريًا في الموقف التركيّ. وجاءت الخطوة الأكثر إثارة في نيسان 2022 ، حيث أحال القضاء التركيّ قض ية خاشقجي إلى السعودية، وقال وزير العدل التركيّ بكير بوزداغ إنه سيوافق على طلب المدعي العام بإ حالة القض ية إلى السعودية؛ نظرًا لأ نه قد \"طال</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">أمدها\" ولا يمكن تطبيق أوامر المحكمة على المتهمين الأجانب. في السيِّاق ذاته، أعلنت تركيا في آذار 2022 عن دعمها عرض المملكة العرب ية السعودية لاستضافة معرض إكسبو 2030 ( 2 (. كما كان لافتًا أ ن الجهود الترك ية لتحسين العلاقات مع الرياض تتوازى مع مساعي الرئيس أردوغان لزيادة دور بلاده في منطقة الخليج، وتأمين مصالحها في الإقليم، حيث تتحسب أنقرة من التقارب الحادث في العلاقات الإيران ية الخليجية، والتطوّرات التي يشهدها الإقليم منذ قمّة العلا الخليجية في كانون الثاني 2021 . دوافع مختلفة : يمكن تناول دوافع التقارب التركيّ السعودي في هذا التوقيت، وذلك على&nbsp;<strong><span style=\"font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif;\">النحو التالي</span></strong></span><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">1 -&nbsp;</span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">إنعاش الاقتصاد التركيّ</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">:</span></strong></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">تهدف تركيا من دعم تقاربها مع السعودية في هذا التوقيت إلى توثيق العلاقات الاقتصادية بين البلدين، لا س يما مع تراجع الاقتصاد التركيّ، حيث ارتفعت أرصدة الديون، والتي ارتفعت إلى نحو 42 في المئة من الناتج المحليّ الإجمالي في نهاية 2021 ناهيك عن خسارة الليرة أكثر من 40 في المئة من قيمتها مقابل الدولار بعد أنْ أمر الرئيس التركيّ البنك المركزي بخفض أسعار الفائدة أربع مرات متتالية خلال الأشهر الأخيرة. في هذا السيِّاق، فإ ن السعودية تمثِّل واحدة من أطواق النجاة الممكنة للاقتصاد التركيّ، سواء من زاوية اعتبارها أكبر أسواق الخليج للصادرات التركية، أو من زاوية كونها قوّة مالية يمكنها ضخّ الاستثمارات بالداخل التركي . ~ وفي هذا السيِّاق أيضًا تسعى تركيا للاستفادة من الوفرة المال ية السعودية، ونظرًا لما تمتلكه المملكة من فرص استثمارية ضخمة في تركيا، تسعى أنقرة إلى الاستفادة من هذه الاستثمارات، وتعزيز حضورها في المرحلة الحال ية، في ظلِّ معاناة العملة الوطن ية الليرة ، وصعود شكوك المستثمرين - - الأجانب في الاقتصاد التركيّ. وتشير الأرقام إلى أ ن حجم الاستثمارات السعودية في تركيا تزيد عن ملياري دولار ناهيك عن أ ن السعوديين يعدّون من أكثر الجنسيات التي تزور تركيا للسياحة والاستثمار . كما يعدُّ القطّاع العقاري من أهمِّ القطّاعات الترك ية التي تشهد إقبالًا من طرف المستثمرين السعوديين، حيث تشير البيانات الرسم ية الترك ية إلى وصول كمية الاستثمار السعودي في المجال العقاري إلى 30 في المئة. كما بلغ عدد الشركات السعودية التي تستثمر في قطّاع العقارات التركيّ أكثر من 400 شركة، وبرأس مال سعودي . ويشار إلى أ ن الاقتصاد التركيّ تعرض لانتكاسة لافتة منذ 2018 بسبب سياسة الحظر غير الرسميّ الذى فرضته المملكة على الصادرات الترك ية بعد دخول العلاقة بين البلدين مناخ الشحن على خلفية تصاعد التوتر إزاء الملفات الخلافية غرار ملف النزاع في سوريا وليبيا وشرق المتوسط. وكان مجتمع الأعمال التركيّ قد طالب الرئيس التركيّ في 3 كانون الثاني 2022 بضرورة التحرك نحو المساعدة في حلِّ مشكلة التصدير إلى المملكة العربية السعودية، بالنظر إلى تداعياتها السلبية على واقع الاقتصاد التركيّ حيث كشفت بيانات هيئة الإحصاء الترك ية أ ن الصادرات الترك ية إلى السعودية انخفضت من 3,2 مليار دولار في نهاية 2019 ، لتصل إلى نحو 2,5 مليار دولار في نهاية 2020 . كما تراجعت الصادرات الترك ية للسوق السعودية إلى مستويات قياسية، وغير مسبوقة لتصل إلى نحو 235 مليون دولار في نهاية تشرين الثاني من 2021 ، بينما ح ققت الصادرات السعودية لتركيا رقمًا تأريخيًّا بوصولها إلى أكثر من 3 مليارات دولار ) 3</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .)</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">2 -</span><strong><span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">&nbsp;</span></span></strong><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">مواجهة الحضو ر الإيرانيّ</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">:</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">تأتي التحركات الترك ية تجاه ترطيب العلاقة مع الرياض متزامنة مع مساعى إيران ية لإصلاح علاقاتها الخليجية، وظهر ذلك في انخراط إيران منذ مطلع العام</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">2021 </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">في محادثات مباشرة مع المملكة العربية السعودية برعاية عراقية، وذلك عقب نحو ست سنوات من قطع العلاقات الدبلوماسية بينهما. بالإضافة لما سبق، حققت طهران والرياض في حزيران 2022 نقلة نوعية باتجاه حلِّ القضايا العالقة، وخ فضت مستوى التصعيد. هنا، يمكن فهم القلق التركيّ من انعكاس التقارب الإيرانيّ السعودي على الدور والمصالح الترك ية في منطقة الخليج، كما تخشى تركيا من انعكاس التطور الحادث في العلاقة بين طهران والرياض لحلحة القضايا الخلافية بينهما على نفوذ تركيا في الإقليم، لا س يما وأ ن إدارة بايدن التي تراهن على إنجاح المفاوضات النووية مع طهران، تتجّه بقوّة نحو دعم وتشجي ع إيران والسعودية للوصول إلى تفاهم في اليمن كإجراء لبناء الثقة. وفي هذا السيِّاق، تبدو&nbsp;أنقرة أكثر حرصًا في التوقيت الحاليّ على تصفير الخلافات العالقة مع السعودية، لقطع الطريق على إيران خصمها المذهبي، ومنافسها الإقليمي الأبرز</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">3 -&nbsp;</span><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">استيعاب الضغوط الغربية</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">:</span></strong></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">لا ينفصل التقارب السعودي التركيّ في جانب معتبر منه عن رغبة البلدين في استيعاب الضغوط الغربية التي تتعرض لها أنقرة والرياض، ففيما يخصُّ الرياض، وصل التوتر إلى الذروة مع إدارة بايدن التي و جهت انتقادات لاذعة للسعودية في الملف الحقوقي للرياض، حتى أ ن الرئيس بايدن وعد خلال حملته الانتخابية بتحويل السعودية إلى \"دولة منبوذة\" مع تطورات الأزمة فى اليمن . وتصاعد منحني التوتر في نيسان 2021 ، على خلفية قرار الرئيس الأمريكيّ جو بايدن سحب جزء من قوات بلاده في المنطقة وتوجيهها إلى مناطق أخرى، ما فتح أبواب التكهنات بشأن التداعيات التي قد تنجم عن هذه الخطوة . ويبلغ عدد موظفيوزارة الدفاع الأمريك ية الدائمين الموجودين في دول الخليج أكثر من 10 آلاف موظف، منهم نحو 9500 عسكري . وفي أيار 2020 ، سحبت الولايات المتحدة بطاريتي صواريخ \"باتريوت\" من السعودية كانت قد أرسلتهما في أعقاب الهجوم على منشآت النفط السعودية في أيلول 2019 ، بالإضافة إلى طائرات مقاتلة وعسكريين أمريكيي ن) 4( . كما دخلت العلاقة مناخ الشحن بين الرياض وواشنطن مع تفاقم تداعيات حرب أوكرانيا على أسعار الطاقة، وتجاهل الرياض للمطالب الأمريكية برفع إنتاجها النفطي لتعويض تراجع حصّة موسكو في الأسواق العالمية ناهيك عن رفض الرياض الانحياز بشكل واضح للولايات المتّ حدة ضدّ موسكو بعد دخول الأخيرةعسكريًا في أوكرانيا ) 5 .) على الضفة الأخرى ، يرتبط السعي التركي للتقارب مع السعودية بملف العلاقات الترك ية مع القوى الغربية، والصراع السِّياسيّ المتصاعد مع الولايات المتّحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي في السنوات الأخيرة، والذي وصل ذروته مع إعلان واشنطن في 27 كانون الاول الماضي بمراقبة الصادرات الترك ية من الطائرات المسيّرة، وتتبّع تداعياتها على الأمن القوميّ الأمريكيّ ناهيك عن استمرار استبعاد تركيا من برنامج إنتاج المقاتلات الجوية</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> F35 </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">بسبب حيازتها منظومة الدفاع الصاروخية الروسية</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> S400 </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">فضلًا عن مواصلة إدارة بايدن انتقاد المآذارات السلطوية للرئيس أردوغان، واتهامه بتأميم المجال العامّ . كما دخلت العلاقات الترك ية الأوروبية مناخ الشحن، في ظلِّ استمرار معارضة الاتحاد الأوروبي انضمام تركيا للتكتل الأوروبي ناهيك عن مناهضة أوروبا للتحركات التركية للتنقيب عن مكامن الطاقة شرق المتوسط، وتأكيد انحيازها لليونان وقبرص في صراعهما مع أنقرة . وعليه، تسعى تركيا إلى توطيد علاقاتها مع السعودية بهدف تشكيل تحال ف معها يمكن من خلاله إدارة العلاقات مع الغرب أو على الأقلّ تحييد السعودية تجاه القضايا الخلافية بين تركيا وخصومها في الغرب، لا س يما مع توجّه الرياض نحو تعميق العلاقات العسكرية والسياسية مع قبرص واليونان</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">4 -&nbsp;</span><strong><span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: #3598db;\">توظيف التقارب داخليًا&nbsp;</span></span></strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">: </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">يرتبط التقارب السعودي الترك ي خلال المرحلة الراهنة بأولويات القيادة السِّياس ية في البلدين، فبينما يبدو الرئيس التركيّ بحاجّة ماسة إلى إصلاح العلاقة مع الرياض، قبيل الاستحقاق الانتخابيّ المقرر لها منتصف العام المقبل، خاصة أ ن توتّر العلاقة مع السعودية انعكس على حركة صادرات الشركات الترك ية للرياض التي تمثِّل سوقًا استراتيج ية للمنتجات الترك ية ناهيك عن توجيه أحزاب المعارضة الترك ية انتقادات غير مسبوقة للرئيس التركيّ بسبب معادته للرياض، والإنزلاق وراء قضايا تخصُّ الداخل السعودي . في المقابل، يبدو وليّ العهد السعودي بدوره بح اجّة إلى تعزيز خطته للمملكة 2030 ، وتعزيز صورة بلاده عالميًا، وهو ما يؤهّل له تسويق نفسه داخليًا باعتباره المؤسّس الجديد للمملكة العصرية، ومن ثمّ تبدو العلاقة مع قوى الإقليم، ومنها تركيا أولوية خلال المرحلة المقبلة</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">حذر سعودي</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">وجه الرئيس التركيّ أردوغان العديد من الرسائل الإيجاب ية للرياض التي تعاملت معها بحذر، ورغم إلحاح الأوّل على أهمِّ ية تطوير العلاقات وتطبيعها بصورة كاملة إلا أن الرياض تبدو أكثر تمهلًا، وتفضِّل سياسة الخطوة خطوة، وهو ما يعني أن ماقدمته تركيا طوال الشهور التي خلت لم يفلح في تبديد شكوكها السِّياس ية بالكامل . ويشير التأني السعودي للتجاوب مع هرولة الرئيس التركيّ نحو تطبيع العلاقات إلى استمرار الشكوك السعودية في سياساته، فقد تكون السعودية ارتاحت لتراجعه النسبي عن مناوشاته السافرة في قضية خاشقجي، وعلى الساحة اليمنية والليبية، ودعم جماعة الإخوان، والكيانات المسلّحة في الإقليم، لكنّها ربما لا تزال على قناعة بأن ما يبدو تراجعًا يدخل في باب المناورات، ويعبِّر عن&nbsp;انحناءات مؤقّتة لبعض العواصف التي هبّت على تركيا الفترة الماضية . والأرجح أ ن ثمّة اعت بارات متنوعة تدفع الرياض إلى تبني سياسة حذرة تجاه&nbsp;انفتاح كامل مع أنقرة</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">أوّلها</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">:</span></strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">أن مسار الاتصالات طوال الأشهر الماضية أظهر حجم التعقيد في الملفات الخلافية بين البلدين، وخاصّة ما يخصُّ استمرار التأييد السعودي لرؤية التحركات اليونانية والقبرصية شرق المتوسط</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">ثانيها</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> :</span></strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">يبدو أ ن ثمّة مرارة سعودية من السلوك التركيّ، فبحسب مراقبين كانت السعودية تنظر لتركيا باعتبارها حليفًا إقل يميًا مهمًّا، ولكن خيبة أمل كبيرة</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">شعرت بها المملكة بعد مقتل خاشقجي، عندما حاولت تركيا وأردوغان بشكل شخصي مآذارة ابتزاز سياسيّ واقتصادي مع المملكة . وهنا، يمكن تفسير عدّم نيل الزيارة التي أجراها الرئيس التركيّ للسعودية في نيسان 2022 بزخم إعلامي ودبلوماسي داخل الأوساط السِّياس ية السعودية</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">ثالثها</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">:</span></strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">أن السعودية لا تزال تتريث في إعادة دفع العلاقات الاقتصادية مع تركيا، حيث لم تصل الصادرات الترك ية للمملكة إلى مستواها المأمول، وبالرغم أ ن صادرات تركيا إلى السعودية قفزت بنسبة 25 % في الربع الأوّل من عامّ 2022 لتصل إلى نحو 70 مليون دولار خلال الأشهر الثلاثة الأوّلى من 2022 وفقًا لبيانات جمعية المصدرين الأتراك، وذلك بفضل التقارب النوعي الأخير بين البلدين، إلا إن حجم الصادرات الترك ية يظلّ ضئيلًا عند مقارنته بما كان عليه في 2020 ، حيث صدّرت تركيا بضائع إلى السعودية في كانون الثاني 2020 فقط بقيمة 221 مليون دولار</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .)</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">ويرتبط السبب الرابع</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">، باستمرار الشكوك السعودية إزاء القواعد العسكرية الترك ية في قطر فضلًا عن قلق سعودية من حديث متواتر منذ 2020 بشأن توجّه تركيّ لتوقيع اتفاق ية أمن ية مع سلطنة عمان، تسمح لأنقرة بإنشاء قاعدة عسكرية على أراضي السلطنة</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">ويعود السبب الخامس</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;وراء حذر الرياض، إلى إصرار تركيا على دعم ورعاية جماعة الإخوان المسلمين التي تصنفها السعودية جماعة إرهابية، حيث تحتضن تركيا عددًا معتبرًا من قادة الجماعة ناهيك عن المنصات الإعلامية التابعة لحركة الإخوان والتي تبث من إسطنبول</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">خلف ما سبق</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">، فإن الرياض قد تريد في المرحلة الحالية إبقاء باب العلاقة مواربًا مع أنقرة من دون إغلاقه كاملًا، خاصّة أن أردوغان، ربما يغادر السلطة العامّ المقبل، بالنظر إلى تراجع شعبيته في الشارع التركيّ، وخسارته كجانب معتبر من رصيده التقليدي أوساط صفوف المحافظين الأتراك؛ بسبب التدهور الحادث في العملة التركية، وتردي الأوضاع المعيشية. كما تعي السعودية حجم الضغوط الدولية التي تتعرض لها تركيا، والتي ساهمت في تراجع مناعتها الإقليمية والدولية، وأدخلتها في دوامة من التوترات مع القوى الدول ية، خاصّة الولايات المتحدة والاتحاد الأوروبي. وفي المقابل تدرك الرياض أن علاقات أنقرة مع موسكو لم ترتقي إلى مستوى التحالف الاستراتيجي مقابل صعود لافت للدور السعودي إقليميًا ودوليًّا، خاصّة بعد أزمة أوكرانيا، وحاجّة القوى الدولية&nbsp;لتعزيز التفاهمات والتنسيق مع السعودية لتعويض النقص الحادث في&nbsp;إمدادات الطاقة التي كانت توفّرها موسكو</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: start; direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; orphans: 2; widows: 2; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial; word-spacing: 0px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">وفي النهاية، يمكن القول&nbsp;</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">أنه برغم سياسة الانفتاح بين أنقرة والرياض، والتي&nbsp;عززتها زيارة وليُّ العهد السعودي لتركيا فضلًا عن إغلاق القضاء التركيّ قضية&nbsp;خاشقجي في حزيران الماضي إلا أن الرياض لا تزال تبدي شكوكًا مستترة بشأن&nbsp;التقارب الكامل مع تركيا، وهو الأمر الذي قد يحوّل دون تطبيع كامل للعلاقة&nbsp;في الوقت الحاليّ</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">&nbsp;</span></p>', 70);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(153, 'en', 'Doubts persist Why do Saudi caveats about opening up to Turkey persist?', 'Turkish-Saudi relations have witnessed a remarkable development since the end of 2020, and the indicators of détente between the two countries accelerated with t....', '<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: center; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Doubts persist Why do Saudi caveats about opening up to Turkey persist?</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Karam Saeed</span></strong><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> / Deputy Managing Editor of Al-Democrat Magazine</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: \'Segoe UI\',sans-serif; color: black;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkish-Saudi relations have witnessed a remarkable development since the end of 2020, and the indicators of d&eacute;tente between the two countries accelerated with the Turkish president\'s visit to Riyadh last April, which contributed to breaking the iceberg between the two countries, then the visit of Saudi Crown Prince Muhd bin Salman to Ankara on June 22, to reveal a Turkish desire mainly to normalize relations, and jump on the severe political crisis that erupted between them following the murder of Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi in His country\'s consulate in Turkey, accusing the Justice and Development Government, the Saudi crown prince of orchestrating the incident. It is noteworthy that within the framework of Ankara\'s efforts to gradually return to the policy of \"zeroing problems\", it sought to reduce the tension that has escalated in relations with Riyadh, which was also reflected in the statements of Turkish officials, as the Turkish president announced last February that his country aspires to overcome its differences with Riyadh, and stressed that there are many areas of economic and political cooperation that his country can share with Riyadh. The Saudi Foreign Minister also received his Turkish counterpart in May 2021 as well as their meeting again on July 16, 2021, on the sidelines of the International Conference on Central Asia and South Asia held in the Uzbek capital, Tashkent. In parallel with the previous steps, the spokesman for the Turkish presidency stressed on January 4 that 2022 will be a year of new regional openings, and will witness an acceleration in normalization steps.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Cooling tension</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Ankara and Riyadh sought to ease tensions a year and a half ago, as evident in the Turkish president\'s call to the Saudi king in November.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">2020, and his emphasis on the importance of improving relations with Riyadh and resolving thorny files through dialogue, which prompted the Saudi Foreign Minister to respond to this call by emphasizing that the Kingdom has wonderful relations with Turkey and there are no data indicating the existence of a non-official boycott of Turkish products</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">(1). In November 2020, Saudi Arabia also provided relief aid to the victims of the earthquake that struck the Turkish region of Izmir. In parallel, Riyadh sought to strengthen its military relationship with Ankara, as the Turkish president revealed in March 2021 a Saudi request for a batch of Turkish drones. Turkey\'s moves to bridge the gap with Riyadh were not limited </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>to the above, as the spokesman for the Turkish presidency announced in April 2021 that his country welcomed the trial conducted by Saudi </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Arabia for those accused of killing Khashoggi in Istanbul, a position that contradicts previous Turkish positions that questioned the integrity and law of the Saudi trial, which is a fundamental shift in the Turkish position. The most exciting move came in April 2022, as the Turkish judiciary referred Khashoggi\'s case to Turkish Justice Minister Bekir Bozdağ said he would agree to the prosecutor\'s request to refer the case to Saudi Arabia because it had been \"too long</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">.\"</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The court\'s orders cannot be applied to foreign defendants. In the same context, Turkey announced in March 2022 its support for Saudi Arabia\'s bid to host Expo 2030 (2). It was also remarkable that the Turkish efforts to improve relations with Riyadh are parallel to President Erdogan\'s efforts to increase his country\'s role in the Gulf region, and secure its interests in the region, as Ankara is anticipating the rapprochement in Iranian-Gulf relations, and the developments that the region has been witnessing since the Al-Ula Gulf Summit in January 2021. Different motives:<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>The motives for the Turkish-Saudi rapprochement at this time can be addressed <strong>as follows :</strong></span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">1 - </span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Reviving</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the Turkish economy</span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> By supporting its rapprochement with Saudi Arabia at this time, Turkey aims to strengthen economic relations between the two countries, not only with the decline of the Turkish economy, as debt stocks rose, which rose to about 42 percent of GDP at the end of 2021, not to mention the lira losing more than 40 percent of its value against the dollar after the Turkish president ordered the Central Bank to cut interest rates four times in a row in recent months. In In this context, Saudi Arabia represents one of the possible lifelines for the Turkish economy, whether from the point of view of being the largest Gulf market for Turkish exports, or from the point of view of being a financial force that can inject investments inside Turkey. ~ In this context, Turkey also seeks to benefit from the Saudi financial abundance, and given the Kingdom\'s huge investment opportunities in Turkey, Ankara seeks to benefit from these investments, and strengthen its presence at the current stage, in light of the suffering of the national currency lira, and the rise of suspicions of foreign investors in the Turkish economy. The figures indicate that the volume of Saudi investments in Turkey exceeds two billion dollars, not to mention that Saudis are among the most nationalities that visit Turkey for tourism and investment. The real estate sector is also one of the most important Turkish sectors that are witnessing demand by Saudi investors, as Turkish official data indicate that the amount of Saudi investment in the real estate field reaches 30 percent. The number of Saudi companies investing in the Turkish real estate sector has reached more than 400 companies, with Saudi capital. It is noteworthy that the Turkish economy has suffered a remarkable setback since 2018 due to the policy of the informal ban imposed by the Kingdom on Turkish exports after the relationship between the two countries entered the shipping climate against the backdrop of escalating tension over controversial files such as the conflict file in Syria, Libya and the Eastern Mediterranean. On January </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>3, 2022, the Turkish business community called on the Turkish president to move towards </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">helping solve the problem of exporting to Saudi Arabia, given its negative repercussions on the reality of the Turkish economy, as the data of the Turkish Statistics Authority revealed that Turkish exports to Saudi Arabia decreased from $ 3.2 billion at the end of 2019, to reach about $ 2.5 billion at the end of 2020. Turkish exports to the Saudi market have also declined to record levels. It reached about $ 235 million at the end of November 2021, while Saudi exports to Turkey achieved a historical record of reaching more than $ 3 billion (3).</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">2 -</span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Confronting the Iranian</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> civilization </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>:</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkey\'s moves to moisten the relationship with Riyadh coincide with Iran\'s efforts to repair its Gulf relations, and this has been reflected in Iran\'s involvement since the beginning of the year.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">2021 in direct talks with Saudi Arabia under Iraqi auspices, nearly six years after severing diplomatic relations between them. In addition to the above, in June 2022, Tehran and Riyadh achieved a qualitative leap towards resolving outstanding issues, breaking the level of escalation. Here, it is possible to understand the Turkish concern about the reflection of the Iranian-Saudi rapprochement on the Turkish role and interests in the Gulf region, and Turkey fears that the development in the relationship between Tehran and Riyadh to resolve the controversial issues between them will reflect on the influence of Turkey in the region, the Biden administration, which is betting on the success of the nuclear negotiations with Tehran, is moving strongly towards supporting and encouraging Iran and Saudi Arabia to reach an understanding in Yemen as a confidence-building measure. In this context, Ankara seems more keen at the moment to clear the outstanding differences with Saudi Arabia, in order to prevent Iran, its sectarian rival and its most prominent regional rival.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">3 - </span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Absorbing</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Western </span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">pressures:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> The Saudi-Turkish rapprochement is not separated in a significant part from the desire of the two countries to absorb the Western pressures to which Ankara and Riyadh are exposed, as far as Riyadh is concerned, tension has reached a peak with the Biden administration, which has directed harsh criticism of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh\'s human rights file, until President Biden promised during his election campaign to turn Saudi Arabia into a \"pariah state\" with the developments of the crisis in Yemen. The tension curve escalated in April 2021, against the backdrop of the president\'s decision US Joe Biden withdrew part of his country\'s forces in the region and directed them to other areas, which opened the doors to speculation about the repercussions that may result from this step. The number of permanent U.S. Department of Defense employees in the Gulf states is more than 10,000, including about 9,500 military. In May 2020, the United States withdrew two Patriot missile batteries from Saudi Arabia that it had sent following the attack on Saudi oil facilities in September 2019, in addition to fighter jets and US military personnel (N-4). The relationship also entered the shipping climate between Riyadh and Washington with the worsening repercussions of the Ukraine war on energy prices, and Riyadh\'s disregard for US demands to raise its oil production. To compensate for the decline in Moscow\'s share in global markets, not to mention Riyadh\'s refusal to clearly align itself with the United States against Moscow after the latter\'s military intervention in Ukraine (5). On the other hand, the Turkish quest for rapprochement with Saudi Arabia is linked to the file of Turkish relations with Western powers, and the escalating political conflict with the United States and the European Union in recent years, which reached its peak with Washington\'s announcement on December 27 to monitor Turkish exports of drones, and track their repercussions on US national security, not to mention Turkey\'s continued exclusion from the F35 </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>air fighter production program </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">due to its possession of the Russian S400 missile defense system.In addition, the Biden administration continues to criticize President Erdogan\'s authoritarian practices, accusing him of nationalizing the public sphere. Turkish-European relations have also entered the shipping climate, in light of the European Union\'s continued opposition to Turkey\'s accession to the European Union, not to mention Europe\'s opposition to Turkish moves to explore for energy reservoirs in the eastern Mediterranean, and to confirm its bias towards Greece and Cyprus in their conflict with Ankara. Accordingly, Turkey seeks to strengthen its relations with Saudi Arabia with the aim of forming an alliance with it through which it can manage relations with the West or at least neutralize Saudi Arabia towards the contentious issues between Turkey and its adversaries in the West, not only with Riyadh\'s move towards deepening military and political relations with Cyprus and Greece.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">4 - </span><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: #3598db; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Employing rapprochement internally</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">: The Saudi-Turkish rapprochement during the current stage is linked to the priorities of the political leadership in the two countries, while the Turkish president seems in urgent need of repairing the relationship with Riyadh, ahead of the electoral maturity scheduled for the middle of next year, especially since the tension in the relationship with Saudi Arabia was reflected in the movement of exports of Turkish companies to Riyadh, which represents a strategic market for Turkish products, not to mention the Turkish opposition parties\' unprecedented criticism of the Turkish president because of his hostility to Riyadh, And slipping behind issues related to the Saudi interior. On the other hand, the Saudi Crown Prince, in turn, seems to need to strengthen his plan for the Kingdom 2030 and enhance his country\'s image globally, which qualifies him to market himself internally as the new founder of the modern Kingdom, and then the relationship with the powers of the region, including Turkey, seems a priority during the next stage .</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Saudi Caution</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkish President Erdogan sent many positive messages to Riyadh, which dealt with it cautiously, and despite the former\'s insistence on the importance of developing relations and normalizing them completely, Riyadh seems more slow, and prefers a step-by-step policy, which means that what Turkey has provided over the past months has not succeeded in completely dispelling its political doubts. Saudi Arabia\'s reluctance to respond to the Turkish president\'s rush towards normalizing relations indicates the continued Saudi skepticism in his policies, as Saudi Arabia may be satisfied with his relative retreat from his blatant skirmishes in the Khashoggi case, and in the Yemeni and Libyan arena, and support for the Muslim Brotherhood, and armed entities in the region, but it may still be convinced that what seems to be a retreat enters the door of maneuvers, and expresses temporary bends of some storms that It blew over Turkey last period. It is likely that there are various bars that push Riyadh to adopt a cautious policy towards full openness with Ankara</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">First,</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the course of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>contacts over the past months has shown the complexity of the contentious files between the two countries, especially with regard to the continued Saudi support for the vision of Greek and Cypriot moves in the eastern Mediterranean.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Second :</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> There seems to be Saudi bitterness from Turkish behavior, according to observers, Saudi Arabia viewed Turkey as an important Yemeni ally, but great disappointment</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The kingdom felt it after Khashoggi\'s murder, when Turkey and Erdogan personally tried to engage in political and economic blackmail with the kingdom. Here, the Turkish president\'s visit to Saudi Arabia in April 2022 could not be explained by media and diplomatic momentum within Saudi political circles.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Third:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Saudi Arabia </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>is still waiting to re-push economic relations with Turkey, as Turkish exports to the Kingdom have not reached their hoped-for level, and although Turkey\'s exports to Saudi Arabia jumped by 25% in the first quarter of 2022 to reach about $ 70 million during the first three months of 2022, according to data from the Turkish Exporters Association, thanks to the recent qualitative rapprochement between the two countries, the volume of Turkish exports remains small when compared to what was in 2020, as Turkey exported goods to Saudi Arabia in January 2020 only worth $221 million.)</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The fourth reason is related to the </span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">continued Saudi suspicions about the Turkish military bases in Qatar, as well as Saudi concern about frequent talk since 2020 about a Turkish move to sign a security agreement with the Sultanate of Oman, allowing Ankara to establish a military base on the territory of the Sultanate .</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The fifth reason</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> behind Riyadh\'s caution is Turkey\'s insistence on supporting and sponsoring the Muslim Brotherhood, which Saudi Arabia classifies as a terrorist group, as Turkey hosts a significant number of the group\'s leaders, not to mention the Brotherhood\'s media platforms that broadcast from Istanbul.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Behind the above, </span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Riyadh may want at the current stage to keep the door of the relationship with Ankara ajar without closing it completely, especially since Erdogan may leave power next year, given the decline in his popularity in the Turkish street, and his loss as a significant part of his traditional balance among the ranks of Turkish conservatives, due to the deterioration in the Turkish currency and the deterioration of living conditions. Saudi Arabia is also aware of the magnitude of the international pressure on Turkey, which has contributed to the decline of its regional and international immunity, and plunged it into a spiral. of tensions with international powers, especially the United States and the European Union. On the other hand, Riyadh realizes that Ankara\'s relations with Moscow have not risen to the level of a strategic alliance in return for a remarkable rise in the Saudi role regionally and internationally, especially after the Ukraine crisis, and the need for international powers to strengthen understandings and coordination with Saudi Arabia to <a name=\"_GoBack\"></a>compensate for the shortage in energy supplies that Moscow provided.</span></p>\r\n<p dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: left; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">In the end, it can be said </span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">that despite the policy of openness between Ankara and Riyadh, which was reinforced by the Saudi crown prince\'s visit to Turkey as well as the closure of the Khashoggi case by the Turkish judiciary last June, Riyadh still expresses hidden doubts about the full rapprochement with Turkey, which may prevent full normalization of the relationship for the time being. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span dir=\"LTR\">&nbsp;</span></p>', 70),
(154, 'ar', 'محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا', 'محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا', '<p>محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا محاولة بناء مقياس الاسلام السياسي: طالبان نموذجا</p>', 71),
(155, 'en', 'An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model', 'An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model', '<p>An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model An attempt to build a measure of political Islam: the Taliban as a model</p>', 71);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(156, 'ar', 'إعتبارات متبادلة .. القاهرة وأنقرة: مؤشرات التقارب ومسارات المستقبل', 'تركيا ومصر.. مؤشرا عمرو عادلى،تتتصاعد مساحات التهدئة بين القاهرة وأنقرة، بفعل عدد من المؤشرات الايجابية، فى مقدمتها زيارة وزير المالية التركي للقاهرة لحضور اجت....', '<p style=\"text-align: center;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; direction: ltr; unicode-bidi: embed; text-align: center;\"><strong><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;\">إعتبارات متبادلة .. القاهرة وأنقرة: مؤشرات التقارب ومسارات المستقبل</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; text-align: center;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #3c6e81;\">&nbsp;</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #3c6e81;\">كرم سعيد / خبير الشؤون ا لقليمية ، نائب مدير تحرير مجلة الديمقراطية &ndash; الأهرام</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;\">تركيا ومصر.. مؤشرا عمرو عادلى،ت<span style=\"color: black;\">تتصاعد مساحات التهدئة بين القاهرة وأنقرة، بفعل عدد من المؤشرات الايجابية، فى مقدمتها زيارة وزير المالية التركي للقاهرة لحضور اجتماعات بنك التنميةالسلامي التي استضافتها مدينة شرم الشيخ المصرية في 4 حزيران 2022 وسبق هذه الخطوة إعلان وزير الخارجية التركي في 13 نيسان الماضي أن بلاده ستتخذ خطوات لتطبيع العلاقات مع مصر، منه ا أنّ بلاده قد تعين سفيرا لها في مصر كجزء من تطبيع العلاقات مع مصر 1. وجاءت تصريحات الوزير التركي في الوقت الذي يستعد فيه دبلوماسيون مصريون وأتراك خلال الأيام المقبلة لعقد جولة ثالثة من المفاوضات لصلاح العلاقات المتوترة منذ العام 2013 بين البلدين، والتي تصاعدت حدتها بعد أن دعمت حكومتا البلدين أطرافًا متناحرة في حرب ليبيا، والدخول في تحالفات مت ناقضة في منطقة شرق المتوسط</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تحركات مكثفة</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">بالرغم من استمرار معالم التوتر على سطح العلاقات التركية &ndash; المصرية، لكن انتشر ت العديد من مؤشرات التفاهم خلال الفترة الماضية بين البلدين، وبدا ذلك فى أخذ مصر المطالبات البحرية التركية بشأن اتفاقية ترسيم الحدود مع اليونان، الموقعة في آب 2020 ، في الاعتبار، ما اعتبرته أنقرة بمثابة بادرة حسن نية 2</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">كما التقى دبلوماسيون مصريين وأتراك في أيار وايلول 2021 ، في إطار سعيهما لبحث أسباب التوتر، ومن المتوقع عقد الجولة الثالثة من المحادثات خلال المرحلة المقبلة</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> .</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تعززت مساحات التهدئة مع تقليص دعم تركيا لقيادات بارزة بجماعة الخوان </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">المسلمين فضلًا عن إجبار المنصات العلامية، والتي تُبث من تركيا على وقف </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">جانب معتبر من برامجها التي تناهض النظام المصري</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">التطور الحادث في مسارات العلاقة بين انقرة والقاهرة، دفعت وزير الخارجية المصري في تشرين الاول 2021 للإشادة بحذر بهذا التقدم، وقال فى تصريحات له \" أمل في أن يتمكن البلدان من البناء على هذا التقدم\". وفي دلالة واضحة على حرص البلدين على تجذير عملية التهدئة، أكد وزير الخارجية التركي في 13 الماضي أن العلاقات مع مصر بحاجة إلى تصحيح، وأضاف خلال كلمة له في اجتماع حكومي \"من المهم جدا تطبيع العلاقات بين البلدين بسبب أهميتها للعديد من الدول في شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط\"، وكشف أن نظيره المصري سامح شكري سيزور إسطنبول خلال رمضان الحالي، إذا لم يكن هناك أي طارئ</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> \"</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">بالتوازي أعلنت القاهرة في 29 آذار الماضي، عن منح المواطنين الأتراك تيسيرا ت دخول البلاد لمدة عام وفق اشتراطات محددة، ودخلت هذه التيسرات بالفعل حيز التنفيذ اعتباراً من نيسان 2022 ، لرعايا دولة تركيا و 5 دول أخرى هيباكستان والهند والصين والمغرب والجزائر</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> .</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">ملامح التقارب، والقفز على مساحات التوتر بين البلدين، ظهرت مع إعلان قناة </span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">\"</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">مكملين\" المعارضة المصرية التي كانت تبث من تركيا نهاية نيسان الماضي، نقل مقرها إلى خارج الأراضي التركية. كما كشفت بعض المصادر مطلع أيار الماضي عن أن ب عض الشخصيات المحسوبة على المعارضة المصرية بدأت بمغادرة الأراضي التركية، خصوصاً ممن لم يسووا أوضاع إقامتهم القانونية هناك، سواء بإكتساب الجنسية التركية أو حيازة إقامة دائمة هنا ك 3</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">في المقابل، يشار إلى إن \"التقارب التركي الخليجي ساهم أيضاً في تمهيد الطريق لاستعادة العلاقات بين أنقرة والقاهرة، خاصة أن الأولى تعى أن تطوير العلاقات مع المنطقة الخليجية يرتبط في جانب معتبر منه بتحسين العلاقات مع القاهرة، كما أن الأخيرة تريد ألا تضع نفسها تحت أي ضغط لتقارب أكبر بين حلفائها الخليجيين وتركيا، ويشار إلى أن زيارة ولى العهد السعودي لتركيا في </span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">23</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">حزيران الجاري فتحت الأبواب أمام تقارب جديد بين تركيا والمنطقة</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">حسابات متبادلة</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تسعى تركيا ومصر خلال المرحلة الحالية إلى كسر حالة التوتر، والتحايل على الملفات الخلافية. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وفي هذا الطار يمكن الشارة إلى أبرز دوافع التقارب على النحو الآتي</span></strong><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">موازنة المصالح الاستراتيجية: على الرغم من استمرار القضايا الخلافية بين أنقرة والقاهرة، خاصةً استمرار الانخراط العسكري التركي في ليبيا، ومعارضة القاهرة التحركات التركية شرق المتوسط، فإنه يتوقع أن يدفع النهج البراجماتي، إدارة البلدين إلى عدم تصعيد حدة الخلاف إلى درجة غير مسبوقة، والعودة إلى موازنة المصالح، بالنظر إلى حاجة تركيا إلى الدور المصري في تأمين مصالحها في منطقة شرق المتوسط، حيث تعتبر القاهرة نقطة الاستناد</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: white;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">الاستراتيجية في منظمة غاز المتوسط التي تجمع الدول المشاطئة على حوض المتوسط، وتسعى تركيا أن تكون جزء منه</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">في المقابل، فإن استمرار حالة السيولة السياسية فى ليبيا، وفر بيئة خصبة لتركيا ومصر بتكريس عملية تطبيع العلاقات، حيث بدأ البلدان في دعم<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>مفاوضات الأمم المتحدة، التي انطلقت في أواخر عام 2020 ، لتشكيل حكومة وحدة وطنية جديدة، كما أصبحا البلدان أك ثر توافقاً بشأن دعم حكومة وحدة وطنية موحدة في ليبيا, ولذلك، فأن استمرار الاحتقان قد يدفع أنقرة والقاهرة إلى تبني خيارات لا تتوافق مع حسابات مصالحهما في مناطق النفوذ المشتركة خلال المرحلة الحالية، وبخاصة فى شرق المتوسط وليبيا. ومن هنا، فإن البناء على جهود التقارب الحالية، وترسيخ حالة الهدوء بين البلدين يمثل فرصة لتوفير المزيد من الفرص لمعالجة القضايا الشائكة بين أنقرة والقاهرة، والأخذ بعين الاعتبار المصالح المشتركة</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">استيعاب المتغيرات القليمية : لا ينفصل التقارب المصري التركي عن رغبتهما في استيعاب التحولات القليمية، فثمة مخاوف مشتركة من تراجع موقعهما في الاستراتيجية القليمية بعد توقيع الاتفاقيات البراهمية، وتطبيع عدة دول عربية علاقاتها مع إسرائيل. على صعيد متصل، فإن القاهرة ترى أهمية التجاوب مع التوجهات التركية الجديدة، وسعيها لتصفير المشاكل مع القوى القليمية ، وهو ما تجلى في إصلاح العلاقة مع المارات وإسرائيل، وقطع شوط معتبر على صعيد تصحيح العلاقة مع السعودية وأرمينيا</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> .</span><span style=\"color: white; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">ا ل</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تأمين المصالح الاقتصادية: ت سعى تركيا ومصر من وراء تخفيف حدة الاحتقان </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">بينهما إلى تأمين مصالحهما الاقتصادية المشتركة، إذ يحمل التعاون التجاري </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">والاقتصادي أولوية مطلقة في هذا التوقيت، خاصة مع رغبة تركيا ومصر في </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">الحفاظ على المبادلات التجارية، حيث تضاعف إجمالي حجم التجارة بينهما 3 </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">مرات بين عامي 2007 و 2020 ، من 4.4 مليار دولار إلى 11 مليار دولار، وهو الأمر </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">الذى قد ينعكس ايجابيا على اقتصاد كلا البلدين، الذى يعاني أزمة كبيرة بسبب </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تراجع سعر عملة البلدين، فضلًا عن تداعيات جائحة كورونا، وتداعيات الأزمة </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">الأوكرانية على حركة السياحة في كلا البلدين</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">. </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">كما أن ثمة حرص حكومى مصرى على حماية الاستثمارات التركية لديها، والتي </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تتجاوز 2 مليار دولار فضلًا عن أن هناك ما يقرب من 200 شركة تركية، منها 40 </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">شركة كبيرة توفر فرص عمل معتبرة . 5 </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تعزيز مشاريع الطاقة: تعى أنقرة أن الأزمة الأوكرانية الراهنة، واتجاه روسيا إلى </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">معاقبة الغرب بوقف توريد الغاز للأسواق العالمية، يوفر فرصة استثنائية لتركيا </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">لتتحول إلى ناقل للغاز المصري للأسواق الأوروبية. كما أن العلاقة مع القاهرة </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">في مجال الطاقة باتت تمثل أهمية كبيرة في هذا التوقيت، لعتبارات <strong>عدة:-</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">أولها :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> مخاوف تركيا من ضغوط غربية عليها لمنع استيراد الغاز الروسي والبحث ع</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">ن بدائل أخرى.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وثانيها :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> أن مصر أصبحت مؤخرًا مصدرًا مهمًا للغاز الطبيعي </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">المسال إلى تركيا .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وثالثها:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> احتمال مواجهة تركيا مزيد من الضغوط في </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">احتياجاتها من الطاقة خلال المرحلة المقبلة، بعد انتهاء عقد الغاز الطبيعي المسال النيجيري في نهاية تشرين الاول الماضي دون تجديده، والذي كان يُقدَّر</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">ب 1.3 مليار متر مكعب من الغاز المسال ناهيك عن تسجيل تركيا ارتفاعًا قياسيًا </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">في الطلب على الغاز المسال ليصل إلى نحو 60 مليار متر مكعب بنهاية العام </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">2021</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">، على خلفية الاستهلاك القوي في قطاع الطاقة.</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">ورابعها:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> أن أنقرة والقاهرة ترى أن ترميم العلاقة مع القاهرة يوفر فرص أكبر للطرفين في شرق البحر الأبيض المتوسط فضلًا عن مساعدة تركيا لحماية مصالحها. وعزز هذه الرؤية إشارات مصرية ايجابية لأنقرة، أهمها في 18 شباط 2020 ، عندما طرحت أول مزايدة عالمية للتنقيب عن البترول والغاز الطبيعي في خليج السويس والصحراء الغربية وشرق المتوسط، فقد أخذت بعين الاعتبار الجُرف القاري التركي المنصوص عليه باتفاق جرى مع حكومة الوفاق الوطني في ليبيا عام </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">2019</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تنويع الشركاء لتركيا:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> جاءت جولات الحوار الاستكشافية بين القاهرة وأنقرة في </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">أيار وايلول 2021 إلى جانب وقف التصريحات والتصريحات المضادة بين البلدين، كاشفة عن رغبة أنقرة لتعزيز شراكاتها مع القوى القليمية في المنطقة، </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">وبخاصة القاهرة، خاصة في ظل رغبة النخب السياسية والعسكرية التركية إعادة </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">النظر في العلاقات التركية مع القوى الغربية، وبخاصة الولايات المتحدة بعد </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">استبعاد تركيا من برنامج إنتاج المقاتلات</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> F35</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">، ورفض الكونجرس الأمريكي منح </span></span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">تركيا طائرات</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> F16 . </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">كما لا تزال القضايا الخلافية بين تركيا وشركائها الأوروبيين</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">على أشدها ، وظهر ذلك في استمرار الانتقادات الأوروبية لملف حقوق النسان </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">في تركيا، ومعارضة انضمام أنقرة للاتحاد الأوروبي ناهيك عن إعلان قمة الاتحاد</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; color: white;\">ل</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">الأوروبي التي عُقدت في 23 و 24 حزيران الجاري عن دعمها لليونان في خلافاتها </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">مع تركيا</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">المسارات المحتملة للعلاقة</span></strong></p>\r\n<p><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">برغم الجهود المبذولة لحلحلة القضايا الخلافية بين القاهرة وأنقرة إلا أن ثمة </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تحديات تلقى بظلالها على طبيعة المسارات المحتملة، وفي هذا السياق العام، </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">يمكن الشارة إلى ثلاثة مستويات، قد تتعرض لها العلاقات المصرية التركية، </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">ويمكن بيانها على <strong>النحو الآتي</strong></span><strong><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> :</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">المستوى الأول :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <strong>تحسن شامل:</strong> التوجه نحو تحسن شامل يتضمن معالجة كل </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">المشكلات القائمة بين البلدين. لكن هذا السيناريو يظل احتمال ضعيف لعتبارات </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">عدة مهمة:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><strong>أولهما:</strong> تعارض مواقف البلدين فى أزمات القليم، وبخاصة الأزمة الليبية، وتصاعد هذا القلق مع التحركات التركية المكثفة في شرق ليبيا، وبناء جسور من الثقة مع الهياكل السياسية في شرق ليبيا، وهو ما كشف عنه زيارة السفير التركي لدى طرابلس &ldquo;كنان يلماز&rdquo;، في 19 كانون الثاني الماضي. ويُعد هذا اللقاء هو الأول من نوعه، وقد أسفر عن كسر حدة التوتر بين أنقرة ومنطقة شرق ليبيا. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وثانيهما :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> احتمال عودة حدة المنافسة بين القاهرة وأنقرة، خاصة في ظل شكوك مصرية بشأن الوجود التركي في القرن الأفريقي وشراكتها المتنامية مع إثيوبيا بعد أن منحت في ديسمبر الماضي عدد من الطائرات المسيرة لحكومة أديس أبابا التي تتنازع مع مصر حصتها في مياه نهر النيل</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: white;\">مقا ل</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وثالثها:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> أن ثمة قضية أخرى تتعلق بما إذا كان الرئيس التركي على استعداد </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">للقاء مباشر مع نظيره المصري، خاصة أنه ألمح في تصريحات سابقة إلى أنه لن </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">يرغب في مقابلة \"السيسي\" شخصيا .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">المستوى الثاني :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <strong>جمود الوضع:</strong> تجميد الوضع على ما هو عليه، أي دون إحراز أي </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">تقدم ملموس في أية مشكلة، لكن مع الحفاظ على انتهاء التراشق العلامي </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">والتأكيد على الرغبة في تطوير جهود المصالحة، واستمرار اللقاءات على مستوى الوفود الأنية والدبلوماسية، وهو السيناريو الذى يضمن تخفيف الضغوط على البلدين من دون أن يضطر البلدين لتقديم تنازلات فى القضايا الخلافية الكبرى</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">المستوى الثالث :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <strong>التحسن المحدود : </strong>رغم تصاعد حدة التوتر بين تركيا ومصر، خلال </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">الفترة الماضية إلا أن ذلك لا ينفي أن ثمة اعتبارات مضادة، ربما تدفع الطرفين </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">ليس فقط إلى محاولة ضبط حدود هذا التوتر، وعدم تصعيده لدرجة غير مسبوقة، بشكل يمكن أن يفرض تداعي ات سلبية على مصالحهما، وإنما أيضا السعي للوصول إلى محاور توافق حول بعض القضايا التي تحظى باهتمام مشترك</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">ويبدو أن هذا السيناريو هو الأوفر حظاً، لاعتبارات <strong>عدة:-</strong></span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">أولها :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> إنهاء حالة الخصومة، وعودة العلاقات الدبلوماسية على مستوى القائم </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">بالأعمال</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\"> .</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; color: white;\">قا ل</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">ثانيهما:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> التطور الحادث فى العلاقات التجارية، فقد ارتفع مُعدل النمو في </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">التبادل التجاري بين مصر وتركيا بمقدار 32.6 في المئة في 2021 ، كما ارتفعت </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">كمية البضائع المستوردة والمُصدرة بين البلدين بمقدار الثلث، أي ما يُعادل 1.6 </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">مليار دولار إضافية في حجم التجارة بين البلدين. كما قام وفد مصري في 21 كانون الثاني الماضي بزيارة تركيا، وتم التوافق على زيادة الاستثمارات بين البلدين</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">ثالثها:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> المواقف اليجابية للقيادة التركية، فقد أكد الرئيس التركي في تصريحات </span><span style=\"font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif; font-size: 16pt;\">له في تشرين الثاني 2021 على أن بلاده ستقدم على خطوات لتحسين العلاقات </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">مع مصر </span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">&nbsp;</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\', serif;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">رابعها:</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> أن التطورات المحلية في كلا البلدين، يمكن أن تمثل في المستقبل </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">القريب قوة دفع لتحقيق سيناريو التحسن المحدود. ففي الوقت الذى لا تعارض </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">القاهرة تطبيع العلاقة مع تركيا شريطة عدم التدخل في شؤونها الداخلية، لا </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تحمل المعارضة التركية توجهات معادية لمصر . كما تتعالى أصوات غير قليلة </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">داخل حزب العدالة والتنمية، بشأن ضرورة تطوير السياسة الخارجية التركية حيال </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">دول القليم، وبخاصة القاهرة وسوريا وليبيا</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">ختاماً :</span></strong><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> يمكن القول أن ثمة مؤشرات متبادلة على تعزيز جهود التقارب بين مصر </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">وتركيا خلال المرحلة الحالية، وفي الصدارة منها إعلان تركيا عن خطوات جديدة </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">تجاه القاهرة التي أبدت استجابة لافتة حيال التوجهات التركية، كما وفرت</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: white;\">مقا ل</span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> الجهود التركية الحالية بيئة خصبة لتعزيز التقارب، خاصة أن أنقرة اتجهت مؤخراً </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">نحو محاصرة المنصات العلامية المصرية التي تُبث من أسطنبول ناهيك عن أن </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">القاهرة راعت المصالح البحرية لتركيا عند توقيع اتفاقيات ترسيم الحدود البحرية </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">مع اليونان</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> .</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">بالتوازي، تعي تركيا أن التقارب مع القاهرة يضمن مصالحها شرق المتوسط، ويساهم في معالجة ضعف المناعة القليمية والدوليةلتركيا. كما أن الأزمة الأوكرانية باتت تمثل ورقة ضاغطة على تركيا لجهة إصلاح العلاقة مع القاهرة، إذ أن ثمة مخاوف تركيا في تصاعد الضغوط الغربية لمنع استيراد الغاز الروسي</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\">.</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">لذلك تعتقد أنقرة أن التقارب مع القاهرة يمكن أن يمنح تركيا فرصة أكبر لتعزيز مشاريع الطاقة مع القاهرة، وبخاصة تحويلها كناقل للغاز المصري أو على الأقل تأمين ورادتها من الغاز المصري المثال</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> .</span><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; font-family: \'Times New Roman\',serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: black;\"> <span lang=\"AR-SA\">من جملة ما سبق، فإنه برغم التحديات التي تمنع تحقيق تحسن شامل إلا أن ثمة مؤشرات تلمح إلى تصاعد فرص تحسن محدود بين البلدين، منها إعلان تركيا عن رغبتها في تعيين سفير لها بالقاهرة، وتصريحات وزير الخارجية التركي عن لقاء محتمل فى اسطنبول خلال رمضان مع نظيره المصري.</span></span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 72);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(157, 'en', 'Mutual considerations. Cairo and Ankara: Indicators of Convergence and Future Paths', 'urkey and Egypt.  Amr Adly indicators, the areas of calm between Cairo and Ankara are escalating, due to a number of positive indicators, foremost of which is the visit of the....', '<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Mutual considerations. Cairo and Ankara: Indicators of Convergence and Future Paths</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color: #3c6e81; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Karam Said / Regional Affairs Expert, Deputy Managing Editor of Al-Demokra Magazine - Al-Ahram</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkey and Egypt. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">Amr Adly indicators,</span></span><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the areas of calm between Cairo and Ankara </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"color: black;\">are escalating</span></span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14pt;\">, due to a number of positive indicators, foremost of which is the visit of the Turkish</span> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Minister of Finance to Cairo to attend the meetings of the Islamic Development Bank hosted by the Egyptian city of Sharm El-Sheikh on June 4</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>2022 This step was preceded by the announcement of the Turkish Foreign Minister on April 13 that his country would take steps to normalize relations with Egypt, including that his country may appoint an ambassador to Egypt as part of the normalization of relations with Egypt </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">1</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">. The Turkish minister\'s remarks came as Egyptian and Turkish diplomats prepare in the coming days to hold a third round of negotiations to repair the tense relations since 2013 between the two countries, which escalated after the governments of the two countries supported warring parties to the Libyan war and entered into contradictory alliances in the eastern Mediterranean region.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Intense moves</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Despite the continued signs of tension on the surface of Turkish-Egyptian relations, many indicators of understanding have spread during the last period between the two countries, and this appeared in Egypt\'s taking into account the Turkish naval claims regarding the border demarcation agreement with Greece, signed in August 2020, into account, what Ankara considered as a goodwill </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">gesture 2</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">. Egyptian and Turkish diplomats also met in May and September 2021, as part of their efforts to discuss the causes of tension, and the third round of talks is expected to be held during the next phase .</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Article for</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Areas of calm strengthened as Turkey reduces support for prominent leaders of the Brotherhood</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Muslims as well as forcing media platforms, which broadcast from Turkey, to stop</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">A significant aspect of its programs that oppose the Egyptian regime. The development in the trajectories of the relationship between Ankara and Cairo prompted the Egyptian Foreign Minister in October 2021 to cautiously praise this progress, saying in his remarks that \"I hope that the two countries can build on this progress.\" In a clear indication of the two countries\' keenness to root the truce process, the Turkish Foreign Minister stressed on the past 13 that relations with Egypt need to be corrected, adding during a speech at a government meeting, \"It is very important to normalize relations between the two countries because of their importance to many He revealed that his Egyptian counterpart Sameh Shoukry will visit Istanbul during the current Ramadan, if there is no emergency</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>In parallel, Cairo announced on March 29 that Turkish citizens would be granted a one-year entry facility according to specific conditions, and these facilities have already entered into force as of April 2022, for citizens of Turkey and 5 other countries, namely Pakistan, India, China, Morocco and Algeria. The features of rapprochement, and jumping on the areas of tension between the two countries, appeared</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> with the announcement of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the Egyptian opposition channel \"Mekameleen\", which was broadcasting from Turkey at the end of last April, to move its headquarters outside Turkish territory. Some sources also revealed in early May that some figures affiliated with the Egyptian opposition began to leave Turkish territory, especially those who did not regularize their legal residence status there, whether by acquiring Turkish citizenship or possessing permanent residence here as </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">3</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">.</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">On the other hand, it is noteworthy that \"the Turkish-Gulf rapprochement also contributed to paving the way for the restoration of relations between Ankara and Cairo, especially since the former is aware that the development of relations with the Gulf region is </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>linked in a significant part to improving relations with Cairo, and the latter wants not to put itself under any pressure for a greater rapprochement between its Gulf allies and Turkey, and it is noteworthy that the visit of the Saudi crown prince to Turkey on June 23 opened the doors to a new rapprochement between Turkey and </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>region.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Mutual accounts</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">During the current stage, Turkey and Egypt are seeking to break the state of tension and circumvent controversial files. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">In this context, the most prominent motives for rapprochement can be mentioned as follows:</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Balancing strategic interests: Despite the continued contentious issues between Ankara and Cairo, especially the continued Turkish military involvement in Libya, and Cairo\'s opposition to Turkish moves in the eastern Mediterranean, it is expected that the pragmatic approach will push the administration of the two countries not to escalate the dispute to an unprecedented degree, and return to the balance of interests, given Turkey\'s need for the Egyptian role in securing its interests in the Eastern Mediterranean region, as Cairo is the strategic point of reference in the Mediterranean Gas Organization, which brings together the littoral countries on the The Mediterranean basin, of which Turkey seeks to be a part<a name=\"_GoBack\"></a>. On the other hand, the continued state of political liquidity in Libya provided a fertile environment for Turkey and Egypt to devote the process of normalizing relations, as the two countries began to support the United Nations negotiations, which began in late 2020, to form a new national unity government, and the two countries became more agreed on supporting a unified national unity government in Libya. Especially in the Eastern Mediterranean and Libya. Building on the current rapprochement efforts and establishing calm between the two countries represents an opportunity to provide more opportunities to address the thorny issues between Ankara and Cairo and take into account common interests. Understanding regional variables: The Egyptian-Turkish rapprochement is inseparable from their desire to accommodate regional transformations, as there are common fears of a decline in their position in the regional strategy after the signing of the Brahmin Accords, and the normalization of several Arab countries relations with Israel. On the other hand, Cairo sees the importance of responding to the new Turkish trends, and its quest to zero problems with the regional powers, which was manifested in repairing the relationship with the Marat and Israel, and making significant progress in correcting the relationship with Saudi Arabia and Armenia. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Article for</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Securing economic interests: Turkey and Egypt seek to ease tensions</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">between them to secure their common economic interests, as trade cooperation carries</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The economy is an absolute priority at this time, especially with the desire of Turkey and Egypt to</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Maintain trade, as the total volume of trade between them doubled 3</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">times between 2007 and 2020, from $4.4 billion to $11 billion, which is</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Which may reflect positively on the economy of both countries, which is suffering a major crisis due to</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The decline in the price of the currency of the two countries, as well as the repercussions of the Corona pandemic, and the repercussions of the crisis</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Ukrainian on the traffic of tourism in both countries.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">There is also an Egyptian government keenness to protect Turkish investments in it, which</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">More than $2 billion and there are nearly 200 Turkish companies, of which 40</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">A large company that provides significant job opportunities. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 8.5pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">5</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Promoting energy projects: Ankara is aware that the current Ukrainian crisis, and Russia\'s tendency to</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Punishing the West by Stopping Gas Supplies to Global Markets Provides an Exceptional Opportunity for Turkey</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">To become a carrier of Egyptian gas for European markets. Also, the relationship with Cairo</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">In the field of energy, it has become of great importance at this time, for several considerations</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">First:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Turkey\'s fears of Western pressure on it to prevent the import of Russian gas and research</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">About other alternatives. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Second,</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Egypt has recently become an important exporter of natural gas.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Liquefied to Turkey.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Third,</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Turkey may face more pressure in</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Its energy needs during the next phase, after the expiration of the Nigerian LNG contract at the end of last October without renewal, which was estimated</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> to</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">with 1.3 billion cubic meters of liquefied natural gas, not to mention Turkey recording a record high</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">in demand for liquefied gas to reach about 60 billion cubic meters by the end of the year</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">2021 , against the background of strong consumption in the energy sector .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Fourth, Ankara and Cairo</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> believe that restoring the relationship with Cairo provides greater opportunities for both parties in the Eastern Mediterranean as well as helping Turkey to protect its interests. This vision was reinforced by positive Egyptian signals to Ankara, the most important of which was on February 18, 2020, when it launched the first global tender for oil and natural gas exploration in the Gulf of Suez, the Western Desert and the Eastern Mediterranean, taking into account the Turkish continental shelf stipulated in an agreement with the Government of National Accord in Libya in 2019. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Diversifying Turkey\'s Partners:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Exploratory Dialogue Rounds between Cairo and Ankara came in</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">May and September 2021, in addition to stopping statements and counter-statements between the two countries, revealing Ankara\'s desire to strengthen its partnerships with regional powers in the region,</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Especially Cairo, especially in light of the desire of the Turkish political and military elites to return</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Consider Turkey\'s relations with Western powers, especially the United States after</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkey excluded from F35</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> fighter production program </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>, US Congress refused to grant</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Turkey F16 aircraft. Contentious issues between Turkey and its European partners also remain.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">At its most intense, this was reflected in the continued European criticism of the human rights file</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">In Turkey, opposition to Ankara\'s accession to the European Union not to mention the declaration of the EU summit</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">to</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">European Union held on June 23 and 24 for its support for Greece in its differences</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">With Turkey .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Possible paths of the relationship</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Despite the efforts made to resolve the controversial issues between Cairo and Ankara, there are</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Challenges that cast a shadow over the nature of the potential paths and, in this general context,</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Three levels can be referred to, to which Egyptian-Turkish relations may be exposed,</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">They can be explained as follows :</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Level I: Overall Improvement:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Moving towards a Comprehensive Improvement that Includes Addressing All</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Existing problems between the two countries. But this scenario remains a low probability for considerations</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Several tasks:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">First: The</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> conflicting positions of the two countries in the crises of the region, especially the Libyan crisis, and the escalation of this concern with the intensive Turkish moves in eastern Libya, and building bridges of trust with political structures in eastern Libya, which was revealed by the visit of the Turkish ambassador to Tripoli, Kenan Yilmaz, on January 19. The meeting is </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">first of its kind</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> and </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">has resulted in breaking tensions between Ankara and eastern Libya. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Second, the</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> rivalry between Cairo and Ankara may return, especially in light of Egypt\'s doubts about Turkey\'s presence in the Horn of Africa and its growing partnership with Ethiopia after it granted a number of drones last December to the Addis Ababa government, which disputes with Egypt, its share of the Nile River</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">waters.</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Article for</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Third, there</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> is another issue of whether the Turkish president is willing</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">For a direct meeting with his Egyptian counterpart, especially since he hinted in previous statements that he will not</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">He wants to meet Sisi in person. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Level II: Stalemate of the</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> situation </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>: freezing the situation as it is, i.e. without achieving any</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Tangible progress in any problem, but keeping the media exchange over</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Emphasizing the desire to develop reconciliation efforts, and the continuation of meetings at the level of immediate and diplomatic delegations, a scenario that ensures easing pressure on the two countries without forcing the two countries to make concessions on major controversial issues .</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The third level: limited improvement: </span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">despite the escalation of tension between Turkey and Egypt, during</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The past period, but this does not negate that there are counter-considerations, which may push both parties</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Not only to try to control the boundaries of this tension, and not to escalate it to an unprecedented degree, in a way that could impose negative repercussions on their interests, but also to seek to reach consensus axes on some issues of common interest. It seems that this scenario is the most fortunate, for several considerations:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">First:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> ending the state of adversary and restoring diplomatic relations at the level of the existing</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">By business .</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">He said</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Second: the</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> development in trade relations, the growth rate has increased in</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Trade exchange between Egypt and Turkey increased by 32.6 percent in 2021, and</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The amount of goods imported and exported between the two countries by one third, equivalent to 1.6</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">An additional billion dollars in the volume of trade between the two countries. On January 21, an Egyptian delegation visited Turkey, and it was agreed to increase investments between the two countries. </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Third:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> The positive attitudes of the Turkish leadership, as the Turkish president confirmed in statements</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">in November 2021 that his country will take steps to improve relations</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">With Egypt<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Fourth,</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> local developments in both countries could represent in the future.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Proximity is a momentum to achieve a limited improvement scenario. While you do not oppose</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Cairo normalizes relations with Turkey on condition of non-interference in its internal affairs, no</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The Turkish opposition carries anti-Egyptian tendencies. Not a few voices are also raised.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Within the Justice and Development Party, on the need to develop Turkish foreign policy regarding</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The countries of the region, especially Cairo, Syria and Libya.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">In conclusion:</span></strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> It can be said that there are mutual indications of strengthening the efforts of rapprochement between Egypt</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">And Turkey during the current stage, and in the forefront of which is Turkey\'s announcement of new steps</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Towards Cairo, which has shown a remarkable response to Turkish trends, and has also provided an</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; color: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">article for</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the current Turkish efforts a fertile environment to promote rapprochement, especially since Ankara has recently turned</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Towards besieging the Egyptian media platforms that broadcast from Istanbul, not to mention that</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Cairo took into account Turkey\'s maritime interests when signing maritime border demarcation agreements</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal; mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: black; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">With Greece . At the same time, Turkey is aware that rapprochement with Cairo guarantees its interests in the Eastern Mediterranean and contributes to addressing Turkey\'s regional and international vulnerability. The Ukrainian crisis has also become a pressure card on Turkey in terms of repairing the relationship with Cairo, as there are Turkey\'s fears of escalating Western pressure to prevent the import of Russian gas. Therefore, Ankara believes that rapprochement with Cairo could give Turkey a greater opportunity to promote energy projects with Cairo, especially converting it as a carrier of Egyptian gas or at least securing its import of Egyptian gas, for example. Among other things, despite the challenges that prevent achieving comprehensive improvement, there are indications that there are increasing opportunities for limited improvement between the two countries, including Turkey\'s announcement of its desire to appoint an ambassador in Cairo, and the statements of the Turkish Foreign Minister about a possible meeting in Istanbul during Ramadan with his Egyptian counterpart.</span></p>', 72),
(158, 'ar', 'المعارضة البرلمانية في العراق.. الجذور والآفاق', 'المعارضة البرلمانية في العراق.. الجذور والآفاق', '<p>المعارضة البرلمانية في العراق.. الجذور والآفاق المعارضة البرلمانية في العراق.. الجذور والآفاق</p>', 73),
(159, 'en', 'The Parliamentary Opposition in Iraq.. Roots and Prospects', 'The Parliamentary Opposition in Iraq.. Roots and Prospects', '<p>The Parliamentary Opposition in Iraq.. Roots and Prospects The Parliamentary Opposition in Iraq.. Roots and Prospects</p>', 73),
(160, 'ar', 'علاقة المجتمع بالمعارضة.. رؤية سوسيولوجية', 'علاقة المجتمع بالمعارضة.. رؤية سوسيولوجية', '<p>علاقة المجتمع بالمعارضة.. رؤية سوسيولوجية علاقة المجتمع بالمعارضة.. رؤية سوسيولوجية</p>', 74),
(161, 'en', 'Society\'s relationship with the opposition... a sociological vision', 'Society\'s relationship with the opposition... a sociological vision', '<p>Society\'s relationship with the opposition... a sociological vision Society\'s relationship with the opposition... a sociological vision</p>', 74),
(162, 'ar', 'المعارضة النيابية استحقاق واجب التطبيق لتعزيز النظام السياسي واستدامة العملية السياسية', 'المعارضة النيابية استحقاق واجب التطبيق لتعزيز النظام السياسي واستدامة العملية السياسية', '<p>المعارضة النيابية استحقاق واجب التطبيق لتعزيز النظام السياسي واستدامة العملية السياسية</p>', 75),
(163, 'en', 'Parliamentary opposition is an entitlement that must be applied to strengthen the political system and sustain the political process', 'Parliamentary opposition is an entitlement that must be applied to strengthen the political system and sustain the political process', '<p>Parliamentary opposition is an entitlement that must be applied to strengthen the political system and sustain the political process</p>', 75),
(164, 'ar', 'ديمقراطية بدون حكم أغلبية ومعارضة (هل ستفرز انتخابات ٢٠٢١ معارضة حقيقية؟)', 'ديمقراطية بدون حكم أغلبية ومعارضة (هل ستفرز انتخابات ٢٠٢١ معارضة حقيقية؟)', '<p>ديمقراطية بدون حكم أغلبية ومعارضة (هل ستفرز انتخابات ٢٠٢١ معارضة حقيقية؟)</p>\r\n<p>ديمقراطية بدون حكم أغلبية ومعارضة (هل ستفرز انتخابات ٢٠٢١ معارضة حقيقية؟)</p>\r\n<p>ديمقراطية بدون حكم أغلبية ومعارضة (هل ستفرز انتخابات ٢٠٢١ معارضة حقيقية؟)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 76),
(165, 'en', 'Democracy without majority rule and opposition (Will the 2021 elections produce a real opposition?)', 'Democracy without majority rule and opposition (Will the 2021 elections produce a real opposition?)', '<p>Democracy without majority rule and opposition (Will the 2021 elections produce a real opposition?)Democracy without majority rule and opposition (Will the 2021 elections produce a real opposition?)</p>', 76),
(166, 'ar', 'ارتدادات سلبية انعكاسات الأزمة الأوكرانية على اقتصاديات إقليم الشرق الأوسط', 'ارتدادات سلبية انعكاسات الأزمة الأوكرانية على اقتصاديات إقليم الشرق الأوسط', '<p>ارتدادات سلبية انعكاسات الأزمة الأوكرانية على اقتصاديات إقليم الشرق الأوسط</p>\r\n<p>ارتدادات سلبية انعكاسات الأزمة الأوكرانية على اقتصاديات إقليم الشرق الأوسط</p>\r\n<p>ارتدادات سلبية انعكاسات الأزمة الأوكرانية على اقتصاديات إقليم الشرق الأوسط</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 77),
(167, 'en', 'Negative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East region', 'Negative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East region', '<p>Negative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East regionNegative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East regionNegative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East regionNegative repercussions, the repercussions of the Ukrainian crisis on the economies of the Middle East region</p>', 77),
(168, 'ar', 'الحالة الحزبية الجديدة في كربلاء بعد مرحلة الاحتجاجات', 'الحالة الحزبية الجديدة في كربلاء بعد مرحلة الاحتجاجات', '<p>الحالة الحزبية الجديدة في كربلاء بعد مرحلة الاحتجاجات الحالة الحزبية الجديدة في كربلاء بعد مرحلة الاحتجاجات</p>', 78),
(169, 'en', 'The new partisan situation in Karbala after the stage of protests', 'The new partisan situation in Karbala after the stage of protests', '<p>The new partisan situation in Karbala after the stage of protests The new partisan situation in Karbala after the stage of protests</p>', 78),
(170, 'ar', 'إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي', 'إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي', '<p>&nbsp;إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;إدخال الهامش في المتن (تشرين) واعادة الاعتبار للعمل السياسي</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 79),
(171, 'en', 'Introducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political action', 'Introducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political action', '<p>Introducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political actionIntroducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political actionIntroducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political actionIntroducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political actionIntroducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political actionIntroducing margins in the text (October) and reconsidering political action</p>', 79),
(172, 'ar', 'قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه', 'قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه', '<p>قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه قراءة في قرار مجلس النواب بحل نفسه&nbsp;</p>', 80),
(173, 'en', 'Read the decision of the House of Representatives to dissolve itself', 'Read the decision of the House of Representatives to dissolve itself', '<p>Read the decision of the House of Representatives to dissolve itselfRead the decision of the House of Representatives to dissolve itselfRead the decision of the House of Representatives to dissolve itself</p>', 80),
(174, 'ar', 'مآلات تحالف العمامة والافندي في العراق', 'مآلات تحالف العمامة والافندي في العراق', '<p>مآلات تحالف العمامة والافندي في العراقمآلات تحالف العمامة والافندي في العراقمآلات تحالف العمامة والافندي في العراق</p>', 81),
(175, 'en', 'The fates of the turban and al-Afandi alliance in Iraq', 'The fates of the turban and al-Afandi alliance in Iraq', '<p>The fates of the turban and al-Afandi alliance in IraqThe fates of the turban and al-Afandi alliance in IraqThe fates of the turban and al-Afandi alliance in Iraq</p>', 81),
(176, 'ar', 'نشأة عمليات حفظ السلام ومبادئها.', 'نشأة عمليات حفظ السلام ومبادئها.', '<p>نشأة عمليات حفظ السلام ومبادئها. نشأة عمليات حفظ السلام ومبادئها.&nbsp;</p>', 82),
(177, 'en', 'The origins and principles of peacekeeping operations.', 'The origins and principles of peacekeeping operations.', '<p>The origins and principles of peacekeeping operations.The origins and principles of peacekeeping operations.</p>', 82),
(178, 'ar', 'أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب', 'أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب', '<p>أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب</p>\r\n<p>أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب</p>\r\n<p>أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب</p>\r\n<p>أمن الانتخابات في وضع صعب</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 83);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(179, 'en', 'Election security is in trouble', 'Election security is in trouble', '<p>Election security is in troubleElection security is in troubleElection security is in troubleElection security is in trouble</p>', 83),
(180, 'ar', 'دور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقية', 'دور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقية', '<p>دور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقيةدور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقيةدور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقيةدور المحكمة (الاتحادية) العليا في الانتخابات العراقية</p>', 84),
(181, 'en', 'The role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi elections', 'The role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi elections', '<p>The role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi electionsThe role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi electionsThe role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi electionsThe role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi electionsThe role of the (Federal) Supreme Court in the Iraqi elections</p>', 84),
(182, 'ar', 'توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003  بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة', 'توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003  بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة', '<p>توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003&nbsp; بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003&nbsp; بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003&nbsp; بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>توزيع الموارد في العراق بعد عام 2003&nbsp; بين صراع الطبقات الاجتماعية وسوء الإدارة&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 85),
(183, 'en', 'Distribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagement', 'Distribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagement', '<p>Distribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagementDistribution of resources in Iraq after 2003 between the conflict of social classes and mismanagement</p>', 85),
(184, 'ar', 'هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)', 'هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)', '<p>هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)</p>\r\n<p>هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)</p>\r\n<p>هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)</p>\r\n<p>هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)</p>\r\n<p>هجمات داعش الأخيرة (تحليل على خلفية سيناريو 2014)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 86),
(185, 'en', 'Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)', 'Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)', '<p>Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)Recent ISIS Attacks (2014 Scenario Background Analysis)</p>', 86),
(186, 'ar', 'الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)', 'الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)', '<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>الغياب والحضور (قراءة في ماهية الدولة)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 87),
(187, 'en', 'Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)', 'Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)', '<p>Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)Absence and Presence (Reading about the State)</p>', 87),
(188, 'ar', 'الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة', 'الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة', '<p>الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة</p>\r\n<p>الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة</p>\r\n<p>الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة</p>\r\n<p>الكرد في دائرة الاحتجاجات الشعبية... مواقف متعدّدة ورؤى متقاطعة</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 88),
(189, 'en', 'The Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visions', 'The Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visions', '<p>The Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visionsThe Kurds in the Circle of Popular Protests... Multiple positions and intersecting visions</p>', 88),
(190, 'ar', 'طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق', 'طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق', '<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>طلبة الجامعات.. البعد الأعمق لاحتجاجات تشرين 2020 في العراق</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 89),
(191, 'en', 'University students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in Iraq', 'University students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in Iraq', '<p>University students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in IraqUniversity students... The deeper dimension of the October 2020 protests in Iraq</p>', 89),
(192, 'ar', 'التظاهرات..  واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها', 'التظاهرات..  واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها', '<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>التظاهرات..&nbsp; واقعها ظروفها مستقبلها</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 90),
(193, 'en', 'Demonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and future', 'Demonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and future', '<p>Demonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and futureDemonstrations.. their reality, conditions, and future</p>', 90),
(194, 'ar', 'العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة', 'العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة', '<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>العراق.. ودولة ما بعد الحداثة</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 91),
(195, 'en', 'Iraq.. and the postmodern state', 'Iraq.. and the postmodern state', '<p>Iraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern stateIraq.. and the postmodern state</p>', 91),
(196, 'ar', '(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)', '(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)', '<p>(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)</p>\r\n<p>(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)</p>\r\n<p>(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)</p>\r\n<p>(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)</p>\r\n<p>(الأغلبية المطلقة وفق تفسير المحكمة الاتحادية العليا)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 92),
(197, 'en', '(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)', '(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)', '<p>(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)(Absolute majority as interpreted by the Federal Supreme Court)</p>', 92),
(198, 'ar', 'الديمقراطية.. ثمار الجنة المنتظرة', 'الديمقراطية.. ثمار الجنة المنتظرة', '<p>الديمقراطية.. ثمار الجنة المنتظرةالديمقراطية.. ثمار الجنة المنتظرةالديمقراطية.. ثمار الجنة المنتظرة</p>', 94),
(199, 'en', 'Democracy.. the expected fruits of paradise', 'Democracy.. the expected fruits of paradise', '<p>Democracy.. the expected fruits of paradiseDemocracy.. the expected fruits of paradiseDemocracy.. the expected fruits of paradiseDemocracy.. the expected fruits of paradiseDemocracy.. the expected fruits of paradiseDemocracy.. the expected fruits of paradise</p>', 94),
(200, 'ar', 'الاضطهاد الديني للأقليات (مسلمو الروهينغا أنموذجا)', 'الاضطهاد الديني للأقليات (مسلمو الروهينغا أنموذجا)', '<p>الاضطهاد الديني للأقليات (مسلمو الروهينغا أنموذجا)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;الاضطهاد الديني للأقليات (مسلمو الروهينغا أنموذجا)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;الاضطهاد الديني للأقليات (مسلمو الروهينغا أنموذجا)</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 95),
(201, 'en', 'Religious persecution of minorities (Rohingya Muslims as a model)', 'Religious persecution of minorities (Rohingya Muslims as a model)', '<p>Religious persecution of minorities (Rohingya Muslims as a model) Religious persecution of minorities (Rohingya Muslims as a model) Religious persecution of minorities (Rohingya Muslims as a model)</p>', 95),
(202, 'ar', 'زيارة رئيسة الوزراء الإيطالية جورجيا ميلوني للعراق الابعاد والدلالات', 'تأتي زيارة رئيسة الوزراء الإيطالية جورجيا ميلوني وزعيمة حزب أخوان إيطاليا (فراتيللي ديتاليا) اليميني المتطرف، بتاريخ 23/12/2022 ، بعد عام شهد العراق فيه تغيرات سياسية مهمة  بعد أزمة مؤسسية اس...', '<p style=\"padding-right: 40px;\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\"><span style=\"font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\', serif; font-size: 14pt; text-align: center;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: center; padding-right: 40px;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'PT Bold Heading\'; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">زيارة رئيسة الوزراء الإيطالية جورجيا ميلوني للعراق</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: center; padding-right: 40px;\" align=\"center\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'PT Bold Heading\'; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><strong>الابعاد والدلالات</strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"padding-right: 40px;\"><strong><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'PT Bold Heading\'; mso-ascii-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-hansi-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ا<span style=\"color: #3598db;\">لدكتور خضير عباس الدهلكي</span></span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تأتي زيارة رئيسة الوزراء الإيطالية جورجيا ميلوني وزعيمة حزب أخوان إيطاليا (فراتيللي ديتاليا) اليميني المتطرف، بتاريخ 23/12/2022 ، بعد عام شهد العراق فيه تغيرات سياسية مهمة <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>بعد أزمة مؤسسية استمرت قرابة عام ، انتهت بتسمية للرئاسات الثلاث، تتمحور الزيارة بهدفين رئيسين الأول نقل تحيات الحكومة للجنود الإيطاليين المتمركزين في العراق ، والهدف الثاني الشروع بإعادة تنشيط<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>وتطوير العلاقات بين العراق <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>إيطاليا في مختلف المجالات.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 29.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>اللقاءات والاجتماعات خلال الزيارة</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 47.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">أ&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">جرى لها استقبال رسمي بحفاوة من قبل السيد رئيس الوزراء (محمد السوداني)<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>وعقد الطرفين مباحثات رسمية تناولت التعاون بين ايطاليا والعراق في قطاعات الزراعة والصحة والطاقة وزيادة التبادلات الاقتصادية والتجاري وقد أعربت السيدة جورجيا ميلوني ان العراق القوي اهم شرط لازدهار الشرق الأوسط\". واضافت أن \" اعتبار الحكومة العراقية يوم 25 كانون الاول / ديسمبر عطلة رسمية هو دليل على احترام الطائفة المسيحية\". واعرب السيد <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>رئيس الوزراء السوداني عن تقديره للدور الإيطالي ضمن التحالف الدولي لمحاربة تنظيم داعش الارهابي، مؤكداً تطلع العراق لتفعيل مسارات الشراكة والاستثمار مع إيطاليا وجميع دول الاتحاد الأوروبي</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif;\">كما أعرب عن أمله في أن تعمل \"المزيد من الشركات المتخصصة والمتطورة في مجالات البنية التحتية وفي استثمار الغاز في العراق . مؤكدا حرص العراق على تزويد إيطاليا بما تحتاجه من النفط والغاز\".</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 47.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ب&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">اجرت السيدة جورجيا ميلوني العديد من اللقاءات والاجتماعات<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>، إذ تم استقبالها من قبل رئيس الجمهورية السيد (عبد اللطيف رشيد)، الذي شدد على أهمية العلاقات القائمة بين العراق وإيطاليا، وأن ايطاليا شريك مهم للعراق في العديد من الملفات الاستراتيجية. وأجرت رئيس الحكومة الإيطالية لقاء مع رئيس مجلس النواب العراقي (د محمد الحلبوسي). والتقت بطريرك الكنيسة الكلدانية الكاثوليكية في العراق الكاردينال (لويس رفائيل ساكو) في مقر البطريركية.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 47.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ت&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">عد انتهاء زيارتها الى بغداد توجهت السيدة ميلوني ، إلى أربيل حيث استقبلها رئيس وزراء أقليم كوردستان (مسرور بارزاني ) وعقدت مباحثات رسمية معه ، كما التقت برئيس الإقليم (نيجيرفان بارزاني)، وزارت قاعدة( كامب سينجارا) العسكرية حيث التقت بقائد الكتيبة الإيطالية ، الكولونيل (دانييلي بيساني) وتناولت <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>وجبة الغداء مع الجنود الإيطاليين. وزيارة الكتيبة الإيطالية المشاركة في مهمة \"العزم المتأصل / بريما بارثيكا\" ، التي انطلقت في عام 2014. بأفراد الوحدة العسكرية الإيطالية موجودة في قاعدة الاتحاد 3 العسكرية ، حيث تتمركز قيادات بعثة الناتو في العراق (</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">NMI</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">) والتحالف الدولي ضد تنظيم داعش </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 29.25pt; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">جوانب العلاقة بين العراق وإيطاليا عديدة ومتنوعة وبالرغم من قدم هذه العلاقة لكنها في الوقت الحاضر تتركز بجانبين رئيسيين هما : </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">أ&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">الجانب العسكري والأمني حيث تقوم إيطاليا بمهمتين في غاية الأهمية وهما :</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">المشاركة في المهمة الدولية (</span> <span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">Prima Partica</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">) ، التي انطلقت في أكتوبر/ تشرين الأول <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>2014 بمشاركة 79 دولة وخمس منظمات دولية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>لدعم ومساندة القوات المسلحة العراقية في مواجهة تنظيم داعش الإرهابي </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 0.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">تقديم الدعم والاسناد لتطوير وتدريب القوات المسلحة والشرطة العراقية <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>، وكذلك قوات الأمن الكردية. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>ثم توج دور إيطاليا في العراق <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>بتوليها قيادة بعثة الناتو في العراق (</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">Nmi</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">) بقيادة الجنرال جيوفاني ماريا إانوتشي في مايو الماضي و التي تقوم بدعم القدرات التدريبية للقوات العراقية في مجموعة واسعة من القطاعات: مكافحة استخدام العبوات الناسفة ، وإزالة الألغام ، والتخطيط المدني والعسكري ، الطب العسكري ، ودعم الوزارات ذات الصلة في العراق في تطوير هيكل عسكري مستدام من خلال التعاون المدني العسكري ؛ القيام بعمل مهم لمكافحة الإرهاب من خلال دعم تطوير قدرات الأمن القومي وبالتالي منع عودة تنظيم داعش الإرهابي</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ب&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\">الجانب الاقتصادي والتجاري</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 39.65pt; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وفقا للبيانات المنشورة على منصة (</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">infomercatiesteri</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> ) التابعة للحكومة الإيطالية يعمل في العراق حاليا 16 شركة إيطالية مهمة ، خاصة في قطاعي الطاقة والبنية التحتية. ، و وصلت الصادرات الإيطالية في عام 2021 إلى 656 مليون يورو ، بزيادة 22.9 % مقارنة بعام 2020 (عام انتشار جائحة كوفيد - 19) وأعلى من الرقم لعام 2019. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>أي ما يعادل 549،16 مليون يورو ، فيما بلغت الواردات 3،359 مليار يورو (+51٪ مقارنة بعام 2020) معظمها أثمان للنفط العراق. وبين كانون الثاني (يناير) وأيلول (سبتمبر) 2022 ، تجاوزت الصادرات الايطالية للعراق <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>526 مليون يورو ، بزيادة 13% عن نفس الفترة من العام الماضي ، فيما بلغت الواردات النفطية من العراق <span style=\"color: #222222; background: white;\">3.970</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; color: #222222; background: white; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Verdana; mso-hansi-font-family: Verdana; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #222222; background: white;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">مليار يورو ، بزيادة 74.9 % <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>سنويا.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 39.65pt; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">ت-</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;\"> </span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">الوجود الإيطالي في قطاع الطاقة.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 39.65pt; text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>تتواجد شركة( </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">Eni</span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> <span lang=\"AR-IQ\">) في العراق منذ عام 2009 ، حيث تعمل من خلال شركتها الفرعية (</span></span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">Eni Iraq BV</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">) ، في تطوير مشروع تطوير حقل الزبير، وفي شهر شباط 2022<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>أطلقت شركة إيني<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>مشروع مع محافظة البصرة والاتحاد الأوروبي واليونيسيف لتزويد السكان بمياه الشرب بحلول عام 2024 وتشجيع خلق فرص عمل مستدامة للشباب. على وجه الخصوص في مجال الرعاية الصحية والتعليم. وتؤكد الشركة عبر موقعها على الإنترنت إن جزءًا من برنامجها \"يشمل استخدام الغاز المصاحب لتوليد الكهرباء\". يمكن أن يساعد الغاز المشتعل الذي يتم التقاطه ومعالجته في معالجة النقص المزمن في الطاقة في العراق.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>كما تنشط شركة( </span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">(San Donato Milanese</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"> أيضًا في المشاريع الاجتماعية ، ولا سيما في مجال الرعاية الصحية والتعليم.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 29.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">بالرغم ان السيدة جورجيا ميلوني أعلنت خلال لقائها مع نواب حزبها (إخوان إيطاليا) انها ستزور العراق، لغرض اللقاء بالجنود الإيطاليين المشاركين في مهام حفظ السلام بمناسبة عيد الميلاد المجيد، فأن الزيارة لها ابعاد ودلالات متعددة ومتنوعة يمكن ايجازها بالاتي:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 47.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">أ&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">يأتي في مقدمة الدلالات السياسية البعد السياسي الرمزي لأيدولوجية السيدة جورجيا ميلوني اليمينية المتطرفة وخطابها السياسي بشأن الأولوية لإيطاليا قوية والاهتمام بالعائلة والهوية المسيحية الكاثوليكية وهذا ما يؤكده توقيت الزيارة خلال عيد الميلاد <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>وزيارتها للجنود الايطاليين المتمركزين في العراق ، ولقائها بالبطريك لويس رفائيل ساكو.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"margin-right: 47.25pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ب&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">التأكيد على الشخصية القيادية<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>التي تمتلكها جورجيا ميلوني ، وأنها رغم وجود شركاء لها بالأئتلاف الذي تتكون منه الحكومة الإيطالية ويظم الى جانب حزبها كل من حزب رابطة الشمال اليميني الشعبوي بزعامة (ماتيو ساليفيني) وحزب فروزا إيطاليا بزعامة السياسي المخضرم (سليفيو برلسكوني) ، اذ تسعى ميلوني الى امتلاك زمام المبادرة والسيطرة على ملف السياسية الخارجية، وأن ايطاليا عازمة على تنشيط دورها السياسي والدبلوماسي في الشرق الاوسط</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ت&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>يمثل البعد الاقتصادي أولوية قصوى لرئيسة وزراء الحكومة الإيطالية لاسيما ان إيطاليا تمر بحالة التعافي من جائحة كوفيد-19، وتعاني حاليا من تداعيات ازمة الطاقة الناجمة بسبب الغزو الروسي لأوكرانيا ، حيث تسعى إيطاليا لتأمين واردات الطاقة من النفط والغاز بما يؤمن لها تأمين استمرار إمدادات الطاقة وبأسعار مناسبة والعراق يعتبر من البدائل المفضلة للغاز الروسي، ومن جانب اخر تسعى جورجيا ميلوني أن تحصل للشركات الإيطالية على عقود للاستثمار ولاسيما في قطاع النفط والغاز ضمن اطار المنافسة بين شركة(إيني الإيطالية وتوتال الفرنسية) ، </span><span lang=\"AR-SA\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif;\">وتجنب سيناريو التنافس الإيطالي الفرنسي على النفوذ والمصالح النفطية<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>في ليبيا والذي وصل ذروته في عامي 2018 -2019 عندما تبادل الطرفان الاتهامات بشان سياساتهما المتبعة في ليبيا</span><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">. فقد سبق وان اتهم نائب رئيس الوزراء ووزير الداخلية الإيطالي في الحكومة الإيطالية السابقة ونائب رئيس الوزراء ووزير البنية التحتية في حكومة ميلوني ماتيو سالفيني، زعيم حزب رابطة الشمال اليميني المتطرف، فرنسا بأنها \"تسلب خيرات أفريقيا\"، وأنه \"لا مصلحة لها في استقرار ليبيا، لأن لديها مصالح نفطية تتناقض مع المصالح الإيطالية\"</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.</span><span style=\"font-family: \'Arial\',sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;\"> </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">وسبق أن شهدت العلاقات بين إيطاليا وفرنسا توترا غير مسبوق في عهد الحكومة الإيطالية السابقة <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>عندما وصفها الرئيس الفرنسي إيمانويل ماكرون ، بـ\"الجذام\" الذي &ldquo;عاد ينتشر في أوروبا وفي بلدان كنا نظن أنه من المستحيل رؤيتها مرة أخرى\" في إشارة منه للأطراف الشعبوية في الحكومة<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>ومنهم حزب رابطة الشمال عضو الائتلاف الحكومة الذي تقوده جورجيا ميلوني.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; padding-right: 40px;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">ث&zwnj;-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>بالنسبة للعراق والحكومة العراقية فأن الزيارة ستكون لها مردودات إيجابية على عدة صعود ، فعلى الصعيد السياسي هي زيارة لرئيسة حكومة دولة اوربية مهمة تعطي دفعة قوية للسيد رئيس الوزراء في التحرك السياسي والدبلوماسي للمضي قدما في تطوير العلاقات الخارجية للعراق مع الدول المؤثرة في المشهد السياسي الدولي ولا سيما دول الاتحاد الاوربي، اما على الصعيد الاقتصادي فان فسح المجال للشركات الإيطالية في مجال الطاقة و النفط والغاز والكهرباء من شأنها مساعدة العراق في تجاوز الازمات التي يعاني منها في مجال الطاقة وصناعة النفط والغاز، وفي المجال العسكري والأمني فأن استمرار الدور الإيطالي ضمن قوات بعثة الناتو يوفر فرصة للاستفادة من خبراتها في مجال التدريب وتطوير القدرات العسكرية، وكذلك الحال لبقية القطاعات منها الزراعية و التجارية والثقافية والسياحية، ومن المعلوم أن إيطاليا تمتلك تجربة وخبرات كبيرة في مجال مكافحة شبكات المافيا والفساد التي كانت ظاهرة و لازمت المشهد السياسي في ايطاليا لعقود وبالإمكان الاستفادة من تلك التجربة والخبرات ، ويبقى الامر مرهون بمدى جدية الطرفين في تنفيذ الاتفاقات ومتابعتها وهذا يستدعي تفعيل اللجنة العراقية الإيطالية المشتركة والاستمرار بعقد اللقاءات الدورية على المستوى الوزاري</span><span dir=\"LTR\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"RTL\" style=\"text-align: justify; padding-right: 40px;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 96);
INSERT INTO `kon_training_translations` (`id`, `locale`, `title`, `description`, `content`, `kon_training_id`) VALUES
(203, 'en', 'Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni visits  Iraq  Dimensions and semantics', 'The visit of Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni  and the leader of the  far-right Fratelli d\'Italia party,  on 23/12/2022, comes after a year in  which Iraq w....', '<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\"><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> <span style=\"font-size: 18pt;\">visits</span> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Iraq</span></strong></p>\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\"><strong> </strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: center;\" align=\"center\"><strong><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Dimensions and semantics</span></strong></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\"><span style=\"color: #3598db;\"><strong style=\"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Dr. Khudair Abbas Al , Dahlaki</span></strong></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The visit of Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>and the leader of the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>far-right Fratelli d\'Italia</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> party, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>on 23/12/2022</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, comes after a year in </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>which Iraq witnessed important political changes after an institutional crisis that lasted nearly a year</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">which ended with the naming <a name=\"_GoBack\"></a>of the three presidencies</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">visit revolves around two main objectives</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, the first is to </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">convey the government\'s greetings to the Italian soldiers stationed in Iraq,</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">and</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>second goal is to initiate</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">the</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">re- Revitalizing and developing relations between Iraq<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>and Italy in various fields.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 29.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">1-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Meetings and meetings during the visit</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">A-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>two parties held official talks on cooperation between Italy and Iraq in the sectors of agriculture, health, energy and increasing economic and trade exchanges<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>.\"The Iraqi government\'s designation of December 25 as an official holiday is a sign of respect for the Christian community.\" The Sudanese Prime Minister<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>expressed his appreciation for the Italian role within the international coalition to combat </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the terrorist organization </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Daesh</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">stressing Iraq\'s aspiration to activate the paths of partnership and investment with Italy and all European Union countries,</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> and expressed </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">his hope that \"more specialized and advanced companies will work in the fields of infrastructure and gas investment in Iraq. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>He stressed Iraq\'s keenness to provideItaly with the oil and gas it needs.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">B-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Mrs. Giorgia Meloni held many meetings and meetings, as she was received by </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">President </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>of the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Republic</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Sayyid (Abdul Latif R</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Shey D),</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">who stressed the importance ofthe existing relations between</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Iraq and Italy</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, andthat Italy</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> is </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">an important partner for Iraq in many strategic files.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span></span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Italian Prime Minister held</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">a meeting with the Speaker of the Iraqi Council of Representatives (Dr.</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Muhammad </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Al-Halbousi). <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>She met with</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Patriarch of the Chaldean Catholic Church in Iraq, Cardinal </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Louis-Raphael </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Sako, at the Patriarchate\'s headquarters.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">C-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">After the end of her visit to Baghdad, Mrs. Meloni went to Erbil</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, where she was received by the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Prime Minister of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Kurdistan <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Region (Masrour Barzani) and </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">held official talks with him, and</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> met with the President of the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Region </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>(</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Nechirvan Barzani),</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> and </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>visited</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the base (</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Camp Singara) military where she met with the commander of the Italian battalion, Colonel <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>(Daniele Pisani</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">).</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">) and had <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>lunch with Italian soldiers. And the visit of the Italian battalion participating in the mission \"Inherent Resolve / Prima Bartheca\", which was launched in 2014. The Italian military contingent is located at the Union 3 military base, where the command of the NATO Mission in Iraq (NMI)</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">and the Global Coalition against<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Daesh </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>are </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">stationed.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 29.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">2-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The aspects of the relationship between Iraq and Italy are many and varied</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>and despite the age of this relationship, at the present time it is concentrated in two main aspects:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">A-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">On the military and security side , Italy carries out two very important tasks:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Participation in the international mission (Prima Partica), which was launched</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> in </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">October<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>2014 with</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">participation of 79 countries and five international organizations <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>to support and assist the Iraqi armed forces in confronting the terrorist organization Daesh </span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Provide support and support for the development andtraining of the Iraqi armed forces and police</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, as </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>well as the Kurdish security forces.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Italy\'s role in Iraq culminated <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>in its assumption of command of the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>NATO Mission in Iraq (NMI) led by General Giovanni Maria Ianucci last May</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>whichsupports the training capabilities of Iraqi forces in a wide range of sectors: counter-IEDs, mine clearance, civil and military planning, military medicine, and <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Support relevant ministries in Iraq in developing a sustainable military structure through civil-military cooperation; undertake important counterterrorism work by supporting the development of national security capabilities and thus prevent the resurgence </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">the terrorist organization Daesh. <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">B-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Economic and commercial aspect</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 39.65pt; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">According to <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span></span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>data published on the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Italian government\'s infomercatiesteri</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> platform, 16 important Italian companies </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">currently operate in Iraq</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, especially in the energy and infrastructure sectors. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Italian exports in 2021 amounted to 656 million euros, an increase of 22.9%</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> compared to 2020 (the year of the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic) </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>and higher than the figure for 2019.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span>Equivalent to 549.16 million euros, while imports amounted to 3.359 billion euros (+51% compared to </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>2020), most of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">which are prices for Iraqi</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> oil. </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Between January and September 2022</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, the Italian oil to Iraq exceeded </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>526 million</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> euros, an increase of 13% </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>over the same period last year, while oil</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> imports </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>from Iraq</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> amounted to </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; color: #222222; background: white; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>3.970</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> billion euros, an increase of 74.9% <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>annually.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 39.65pt;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">c. Italian presence in the energy sector.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 39.65pt; text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Eni has been</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> present in Iraq since 2009, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>working through its subsidiary (Eni Iraq BV</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">), in the development of the Zubair field development project</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">,</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> and in February 2022 </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Eni launched a project with the Governorate of Basra, the European Union and UNICEF to provide the population with drinking water by 2024 and encourage the creation of sustainable job opportunities for young people. In particular in the field of health care and education. The company confirms via <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Part of its program \"includes the use of associated gas for electricity generation.\" The flammable gas captured and processed could help address Iraq\'s chronic energy shortages.<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp; </span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>San Donato Milanese is also active in social projects, particularly in health care and education.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 29.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">3-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Although Mrs. Giorgia Meloni announced during her meeting with the deputies of her party (Brotherin Italy) that she will</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> visit Iraq, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">for the purpose of meeting with Italiansoldiers</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">participating in peacekeeping missions on the occasion of Christmas, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the visit has multiple and varied </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">dimensions and connotations,which can be summarized asfollows:</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">A-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">At the forefront of the political connotations is the symbolic political dimension of the far-right ideology of Mrs. Giorgia Meloni and her political discourse on the priority of a strong Italy and concern for the family and Catholic Christian identity, and this is confirmed by the timing of the visit during Christmas, her<span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>visit to Italian soldiers stationed in Iraq, and her meeting with Patriarch Louis Raphael Saco.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"margin-left: 47.25pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo5;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">B-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Emphasizing the leadership personality possessed by Georgia Meloni, and that despite the presence of partners in the coalition that makes up the Italian government and includes in addition to her party both the right-wing populist Northern League </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>party (</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Matteo Sallivini</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">) and the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Froza Italia party led by veteran politician (Silvio Berlusconi), as Meloni seeks to own the initiative and theItaly is determined to revitalize its political and diplomatic role in the Middle East</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">C-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">The economic dimension is a top priority for the Prime Minister of the Italian government, especially as Italy is going through a state of recovery from the Covid-19 pandemic, and iscurrently suffering from </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>the repercussions of the energy </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as Italy seeks to secure energy imports of oil and gas in a way that secures it to secure the continuation of energy supplies at reasonable prices, and Iraq is one of the preferred alternatives to Russian gas, and on the other hand, Georgia Meloni seeks to obtain contracts for Italian companies to invest, especially in the oil and gas sector. Within the framework</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> of the competition between the Italian company (Eni and the French Total), and avoid the scenario of the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>Italian-French competition for influence and oil interests </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>in Libya </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>, which reached its peak in 2018-2019 when the two parties exchanged accusations about their policies in Libya</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">. He </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">has previously </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>accused the Italian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior in the previous Italian government and the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Deputy Prime Minister and</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> Minister of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Infrastructure in the Meloni <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>government.Matteo Salvini, leader of the far-right Northern League party, said France was \"robbing Africa\'s wealth\" and that it had \"no interest in Libya\'s stability, because it has oil interests that contradict those of Italy.\"</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Relations between Italy and France have already been unprecedentedly strained under the previous Italian government when French President Emmanuel Macron called </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>it a \"</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">leprosy</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">\" that </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">\"has spread again in Europe and in countries that we thought would be impossible to see again,\" referring to populist parties in the government, including the Northern League party, a coalition member led by Georgia Meloni.<a style=\"mso-footnote-id: ftn3;\" title=\"\" href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><span class=\"MsoFootnoteReference\"><span style=\"mso-special-character: footnote;\"><!--[endif]--></span></span></a></span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoListParagraphCxSpLast\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo1;\"><!-- [if !supportLists]--><span lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\'; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\"><span style=\"mso-list: Ignore;\">E-<span style=\"font: 7.0pt \'Times New Roman\';\"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">As for Iraq and the Iraqi government, the visit will have positive returns on several rises</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, at the political level, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>it is a visit by the head of government of an important European country that gives a strong impetus to the Prime Minister in the political and diplomatic move to move forward</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"> in the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>development </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>of </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">Iraq\'s foreign relations with influential </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>countries in the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">international political scene, especially the European Union countries, but on the economic level, he gave way to Italian companies in the field of energy <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>and Oil, gas and electricity would help Iraq overcome the crises it suffers from in the field of energy and the oil and gas industry, and in the military and security field, the continuation of the Italian role within the forces of the NATO mission provides an opportunity to benefit from its expertise in the field of training and development of military capabilities, as well as the case for the rest of the sectors, including agricultural</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\"><span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>commercial, cultural and tourism, and it is known that Italy has great experience and expertise in the field of combating mafia networks and corruption that were apparent and <span style=\"mso-spacerun: yes;\">&nbsp;</span>It has been with the political scene in Italy for decades, and it is possible to benefit from that experience and expertise</span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"mso-ansi-language: EN;\">, and the </span><span lang=\"EN\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN;\">matter remains dependent on the seriousness of the two parties in implementing and following up on the agreements, and this requires activating the Iraqi-Italian Joint Committee and continuing to hold periodic meetings at the ministerial level.</span></p>\r\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\" dir=\"LTR\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-IQ\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: \'Simplified Arabic\',serif; mso-bidi-language: AR-IQ;\">&nbsp;</span></p>\r\n<div style=\"mso-element: footnote-list;\"><!-- [if !supportFootnotes]--><br clear=\"all\" />\r\n<div id=\"ftn3\" style=\"mso-element: footnote;\">\r\n<p class=\"MsoFootnoteText\" dir=\"LTR\">&nbsp;</p>\r\n</div>\r\n</div>', 96),
(204, 'ar', 'تهريب النفط فساد دائم وسرقة للأجيال.', 'تهريب النفط فساد دائم وسرقة للأجيال.', '<p>تهريب النفط فساد دائم وسرقة للأجيال.</p>\r\n<p>تهريب النفط فساد دائم وسرقة للأجيال.</p>\r\n<p>تهريب النفط فساد دائم وسرقة للأجيال.</p>\r\n<p>&nbsp;</p>', 97),
(205, 'en', 'Oil smuggling is permanent corruption and theft for generations.', 'Oil smuggling is permanent corruption and theft for generations.', '<p>Oil smuggling is permanent corruption and theft for generations. Oil smuggling is permanent corruption and theft for generations. Oil smuggling is permanent corruption and theft for generations.</p>', 97);
